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Metaphor
A comparison of two things, often unrelated.
Alliteration
The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Example: Sheep should sleep in a shed.
Personification
The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman
Imagery
Visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work; descriptive language that appeals to the senses
Dramatic Irony
The full significance of a character's words or actions is clear to the audience or reader although unknown to the character. (You often see this in TV shows and movies as it creates suspense)
Tone
The writer's attitude toward or feelings about the subject matter and audience.
Euphemism
A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing. "downsizing" as a euphemism for cuts
Aside
A remark or passage in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience, but unheard by the other characters in the play.
Analogy
A comparison to a directly parallel case. When a writer uses an analogy, he or she argues that a claim reasonable for one case is reasonable for the analogous case.
Anecdote
A brief recounting of a relevant episode. Anecdotes are often inserted into fictional or nonfiction texts as a way of developing a point or injecting humor.
Annotation
Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographic data
Antithesis
A balancing of two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses.
Caesura
Any break or pause in a line or sentence.
Syntax
In grammar, the arrangement of words as elements in a sentence to show their relationship.
Verbal Irony (Sarcasm)
When the reader is aware of a discrepancy between the real meaning of a situation and the literal meaning of the writer's words.
Literary foil
A character who contrasts with another character; typically, a character who contrasts with the protagonist, in order to better highlight or differentiate certain qualities of the protagonist
Hyperbole
Is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech.
Asyndeton
A literary scheme in which one or several conjunctions are deliberately omitted from a series of related clauses. Examples include "I came, I saw, I conquered".
Paradox
A paradox is a statement that appears at first to be contradictory, but upon reflection then makes sense. Example: Less is more or the beginning of the end.
Allegory
A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.
Anaphora
A rhetorical device that consists of repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses, thereby lending them emphasis.
Point-of-view
First Person: I
Third Person Limited: From this point of view
the narrator only describes the thoughts and feelings of one character at a time.
Third Person Omniscient: This is where the narrator knows and shares the thoughts
feelings, and actions of all the characters. (An all-knowing perspective).
Apostrophe
A speech or address to a person who is not present or to a personified object
Allusion
An indirect reference to something with which the reader is expected to be familiar
Pun
A play on words that are identical or similar in sound but have sharply diverse meanings
Foreshadowing
A warning or indication of something to come (a future event)
Simile
A figurative comparison of two things, often dissimilar, using the connecting words: "like" or "as"
Mood
An atmosphere created by a writer's word choice (diction) and the details selected
Oxymoron
A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction or side-by-side (ex: jumbo shrimp; bittersweet).
Symbolism
Symbolism is the use of words or images to symbolize specific concepts, people, objects, or events. The key here is that the symbols used aren't literal representations, but figurative or implied ones.
Diction
The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.
