Potential Final Exam Questions

Serotype 1

Which serotype of Mannheimia haemolytica is the most pathogenic and frequently isolated?

Mannheimia haemolytica

What is the major bacterium isolated from acute cases of shipping fever?

A and D

What are the 2 important serogroups of Pasteurella multocida?

Pasteurella multocida

What is the most common bacteria isolated from enzootic pneumonia in pre-weaning dairy calves?

Bordetella bronchiseptica

In atrophic rhinitis, Pasteurella multocida serogroup D capitalize on the disease process that's initiated by another bacterial pathogen. Which pathogen is involved in atrophic rhinitis alongside Pasteurella multocida?

Pasteurella multocida toxigenic strain D

Which pathogen causes severe destruction of the nasal passage or nasal turbinates in pigs?

adhere to the endothelium of vessels and triggers cell death

What is the key factor of the pathogenesis of Histophilus somni?

Biofilm formation utilizing EPS, adhesins, and endotoxin

What virulence factors allow Histophilus somni to adhere to the endothelium and cause damage?

Histophilus somni

You're observing feedlot cattle and get a complaint from the producer. Several calves are showing different respiratory signs, lots of nasal discharge, coughing. A couple of the calves started to show neurological signs and become recumbent. You went there and performed necropsy and sent samples to the lab. The lab grew the bacteria on a chocolate agar plate and observed green/yellow colonies. What is the suspected bacterial organism?

Infects all domestic poultry, with the most severe form seen in turkeys, ducks and geese

What species does Riemerella anatipestifer infect? In which species is the most severe form?

New Duck disease or infectious serositis

What does Riemerella anatipestifer cause?

Septicemia and polyserositis --> air sacculitis, fibrinous pericarditis, perihepatitis, salpingitis, and meningitis

What are the major lesions associated with New duck disease?

Serovar 5

Which serovar of Glasserella parasuis is highly virulent and pathogenic?

V-factor or NAD, which can be provided by chocolate agar

What does Glasserella parasuis require for growth? What medium provides this?

Glässer's disease

What disease does Glasserella parasuis cause?

Polyserositis, polyarthritis, meningitis, and pneumonia

What are the clinical signs of Glässer's disease?

Biofilm formation, capsule, adhesins and endotoxin

Serovar 5 has more adhesins and more potent endotoxin

What are the virulence factors of Glasserella parasuis? Which ones does Serovar 5 have more of that make it so virulent?

Penicillins, tetracyclines, lincosamides

What antibiotics can be used for Glässer's disease caused by Glasserella parasuis?

Bactrians or modified live vaccines

What kind of vaccine is available for Glasserella parasuis?

Adenylyl cyclase toxin

During Bordetella infection, the organism will escape phagocytosis via capsule and which other toxin?

It causes ciliostasis and destruction of respiratory epithelial cells

How does tracheal cytotoxin contribute to the virulence of Bordetella?

Bordetella bronchiseptica

What is the common bacterial pathogen associated with kennel cough in dogs?

Harsh, dry cough - "goose honk cough"

What is the most important sign of Infectious Tracheobronchitis or Kennel Cough?

Antitussives and anti-inflammatory medications

What do you use for the treatment of Kennel Cough?

colonizes the nasal mucosa and produces dermonecrotic toxin, which damages osteoblasts of nasal turbinates

How does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause atrophic rhinitis?

Pasteurella multocida

The severe progressive form of atrophic rhinitis is seen with Bordetella bronchiseptica in association with what other pathogen?

Report it to your state vet --> it is a reportable foreign animal disease

What do you do if you suspect or diagnose Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM) caused by Taylorella equigenitalis?

Amies Charcoal transport medium

What medium must be used for contagious equine metritis swabs?

The charcoal absorbs toxic metabolites from other bacteria to protect the bacteria if present

Why is a charcoal medium used for Taylorella equigenitalis swabs?

Within 48 hours!

When must you submit Taylorella equigenitalis samples to the lab after collection?

Mare: urethra, clitoral fossa and clitoral sinus

Stallion: penile sheath, preputial fossa and urethral fossa

What are the specified swab sampling sites when testing for Taylorella equigenitalis?

Actinomyces bovis

What is the most common bacterial pathogen associated with lumpy jaw in bovine?

Star-shaped/embedded colonies

What is the shape of Nocardia species?

Wooden tongue

What does Actinobacillus lignieresii cause?

Bones

Does lumpy jaw involve the bones or the soft tissues?

Soft tissues

Does wooden tongue involve the bones or the soft tissues?

Treatment is usually ineffective because the condition is irreversible

What is the response to treatment for lumpy jaw caused by Actinomyces bovis?

Treatment is effective and rapid, usually ~ 48 hours

What is the response to treatment for wooden tongue caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii?

It is a Category A Bioterrorist agent --> highly zoonotic

How is Francisella tularensis classified as a zoonotic disease?

Mycolic acids

What bacterial structure allows Mycobacterium to develop granulomas in cells?

L. Pomona

Equine recurrent uveitis in horses is mainly associated with a Leptospira infection of which serovar?

doesn't have a cell wall

Why do beta-lactams not work against Mycoplasma?

The age gap: M. hyorhinis (3-10 weeks old), M. hyosynoviae (3-6 months old)

How can you differentiate between Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in swine?

Pneumonia, otitis, polyarthritis, and mastitis

What does Mycoplasma bovis cause in cattle?

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides

Which Mycoplasma species that infects cattle is considered a foreign animal disease in the USA?

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

What does Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides cause in cattle?

Elementary body

What is the infectious form of Chlamydia that circulates in the environment and infects animals?

Severe placentitis with hemorrhagic cotyledons

What is characteristic of Chlamydia abortus infections in Ewes?

Chlamydia psittaci, which causes Psittacosis in parrots

What is the only reportable Chlamydia species? What disease does it cause?

An elementary body is the infectious and extracellular form, while the reticulate body is the replicative or reproductive intracellular form

What is the difference between an elementary and reticulate body in the life cycle of Chlamydia?

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)

What disease does Rickettsia rickettsii cause?

Ergosterol

What is the most important cell membrane component in fungal cells, which is also the target for anti-fungals?

Mold (mycelial) form

What is the most infectious form of fungi?

Peanut/ snowman/ bowling pin

What is the characteristic shape of Malassezia pachydermatis seen on cytology?

Scrape the periphery (margin) of the lesion because it will have actively growing fungus

Where do you want to scrape a lesion caused by Dermatophytes for sampling and culturing purposes?

Microsporum and Trichophyton

What are the two types of Dermatophytes that are animal pathogens and we see in animal infections?

have 6-15 cells with pointed ends. Clinical signs associated with it include alopecia, scaling and crusting, commonly affecting dogs and cats

What is the microscopic appearance of Microsporum canis macroconidia? What are the clinical signs associated with the infection?

have 4-6 cells with rounded ends. Clinical signs include scaling and crusting, affecting almost any animal species

What is the microscopic appearance of Microsporum gypseum macroconidia? What are the clinical signs associated with the infection?

have 1-3 cells with rounded ends. Clinical signs include very large circumscribed lesions with no alopecia, commonly affecting swine

What is the microscopic appearance of Microsporum nanum macroconidia? What are the clinical signs associated with the infection?

Mannheimia haemolytica, Bibersteinia trehalosi, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis

What bacterial pathogens are apart of the Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) complex?

Cigar-shaped

What is the shape of Sporothrix schenckii in its yeast form?

Branching flowerettes

What is the shape of Sporothrix schenckii in its mold form?

"Kunkers" or "Leeches"

What do lesions of equine pythiosis caused by Pythium insidiosum contain?

Coccidioidomycosis

Which fungal infection is usually associated with this area?

Blastomycosis

Which fungal infection is usually associated with this area?

Histoplasmosis

Which fungal infection is usually associated with this area?

Blastomycosis

A

Histoplasmosis

B

Coccidioidomycosis

C

Coccidioides immitis

What is the most virulent fungal pathogen?

Large spherules with endospores

What is the characteristic appearance of the yeast form of Coccidioides immitis?