MIDTERM - Emergent Literacy

Accent

The relative force with which a syllable is pronounced; the primary accent receives the strongest emphasis.

Alphabetic Principle

The concept that alphabetic symbols represent spoken sounds, forming the basis of English orthography.

Alphabetic Writing System

A system where individual spoken sounds are represented by individual written symbols.

Blends

Two or three letters that represent separate but closely associated sounds, also known as "clusters."

Consonants

One of the two classes of sounds in a language (the other being vowels), including 25 consonant phonemes.

Deletion

The mental removal of part of a word to form another word.

Diagraphs

Two different letters that represent a single phoneme.

Graphemes

Written symbols that are the basic, minimal, indivisible units of writing, comprising 26 letters in the English alphabet.

Long Vowels

Vowel sounds often heard in words like cake, heated with a macron above the letter. CVC- E pattern

Onset

The part of the syllable that comes before the vowel.

Phonemes

Spoken sounds that are the basic, minimal units of sound in words, totaling 44 in the English sound system.

Phonemic Awareness

The knowledge that spoken words are made up of discrete sounds and the ability to manipulate these sounds.

Phonics

The study of sound-symbol relationships in learning to read and spell.

Phonological Awareness

An umbrella term encompassing the study of speech sounds and their production.

R-Controlled Vowels

Vowels followed by the letter r, which do not have a standard long or short sound.

Rhyming

The ability to recognize and produce words that rhyme.

Rime

The vowel and any consonants that follow it in a syllable.

Schwa

A vowel sound occurring only in unaccented syllables, represented by the symbol /_/.},{

Segmentation

is the ability to break words into their component phonological parts. 

Short Vowels

are the vowel sounds you hear in the middle of words like cat, bed, big, hot, and mud. These sounds typically occur in a Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (CVC) pattern and they are marked with a breve, or small u shape, above the letter. 

Silent Letters

are consonant letters that have no corresponding sounds in words. 

Substitution

involves changing words by replacing one sound with another. 

Syllables

Clusters of phonemes that make up larger sound units in words, they must each have a vowel, and they can be open or closed.

Vowels

constitute the second largest category of sounds in any language (consonants are the largest).

Vowel Digraphs

two vowel letters that combine to make a single sound

Vowel Diphthongs

two vowel letters that make a unique sound different from either of the vowels in isolation.

effective ways to teach the alphabet

Naming the letters, pointing out characteristics, asking questions and scaffolding.

Domains of Social and Emotional Development

Self concept, self control/regulation, social competence, and social awareness.

7 Learning Centers

Library/Listening center, construction center, writer’s corner, ABC center, creativity station, pretend and learn center, and math/science center.

How many Phonemes are there all together?

44

How many consonants sounds are there?

25

How many vowel sounds are there?

19

How many vowel letter are there

5

How many letters are in the alphabet

26

What are Phonemes

The smallest units of spoken sound

Orthography

written english

What is English orthography based on?

the alphabetic principle and the representation of phonemes with letters.

How many Phonemes/Digraphs are in: Chain

3 phonemes and 2 digraphs, represented as /ch/, /aɪ/,

How many Phonemes/Digraphs are in: truck

4 phonemes and 1 diagraph

How many Phonemes/Digraphs are in: Flash

4 phonemes and 1 digraph

How many Phonemes/Digraphs are in: Kite

3 Phonemes and 1 Diagraph

How many Phonemes/Digraphs are in: Blend

3 phonemes, 1 diagraph

What is a diagraph?

A combination of 2 that represent 1 sound.

What is a trigraph

A combination of 3 letters that represent 1 sound.

What are sound-symbol relationship for consonants

The sound-symbol relationships for consonants refer to the systematic association between consonant sounds and their corresponding letters or letter combinations in written language, which helps in decoding and spelling.

Examples of Diagraphs

ch, ck, ng, ph, ai, sh, th, wh

Blending

Smoothly joining sounds to make a complete word

Isolation

The ability to identify where phonemes occur in a word at the beginning, middle, and end.

Substitution

changing words by replacing one sound with another

Ex: if /k/ is replaced with /t/ in cat, it makes tat.

Open Syllables

Nothing comes after the vowel

Ex: Ba by

Closed Syllable

the vowel is “closed in” the vowel is followed by a consonant these are like the CVC words.