HNES 472 Quiz 3

What are the purposes of health-related fitness testing?

Establish baseline data and educate the participant; develop an individualized exercise program; assess progress during follow-up testing; motivate participants by setting attainable goals

What are the characteristics of a good fitness test?

The test should be reliable valid and inexpensive

What should be done with testing equipment before fitness testing?

Equipment should be properly calibrated

What temperature should the testing room be?

68–72°F

What should the humidity be in the testing room?

Less than 60%

What measurements should be taken first during a fitness assessment?

Resting heart rate blood pressure height weight and body composition

What should happen between serial fitness tests?

Allow heart rate and blood pressure to return to baseline

What are the components of a comprehensive fitness assessment?

Consent and screening; resting measures; circumference and body composition; cardiorespiratory fitness; muscular fitness; flexibility

What are optional components of a comprehensive fitness assessment?

Balance and posture

How long should a person rest before resting heart rate and blood pressure measurements?

At least 5 minutes and preferably up to 15 minutes

Where is the radial pulse located?

On the thumb side of the wrist

How long should the radial pulse be counted?

30 seconds and then multiplied by 2

How should a person be positioned before measuring blood pressure?

Seated for at least 5 minutes with the back supported and feet flat on the floor

Where should the arm be positioned when measuring blood pressure?

The arm should be supported at heart level

What should be avoided for 30 minutes before measuring blood pressure?

Smoking and caffeine

How large should the blood pressure cuff bladder be?

The bladder should cover at least 80% of the arm

How high should the blood pressure cuff be inflated?

20 mmHg above the point where the first Korotkoff sound is heard

How quickly should the blood pressure cuff be deflated?

2–3 mmHg per second

What is systolic blood pressure?

The pressure measured at Korotkoff phase 1

What is diastolic blood pressure?

The pressure measured at Korotkoff phase 5

How many blood pressure readings should be taken?

At least two readings at least 1 minute apart

How should multiple blood pressure readings be reported?

Average the readings

What should be done with both arms during the first blood pressure examination?

Blood pressure should be measured in both arms

What is the formula for BMI?

BMI equals body mass in kilograms divided by height in meters squared

What is the BMI cutoff for underweight?

Less than 18.5

What is the BMI range for normal weight?

18.5–24.9

What is the BMI range for overweight?

25.0–29.9

What is the BMI cutoff for obesity?

30 or higher

What are the Asian BMI cutoffs for overweight and obesity?

Overweight is 23 or higher and obesity is 25 or higher

What is a limitation of BMI?

BMI does not distinguish between fat muscle and bone

What is central fat associated with?

Hypertension metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes stroke cardiovascular disease dyslipidemia cancer and premature death

What is the waist circumference disease-risk cutoff for men?

Greater than 102 cm or 40 inches

What is the waist circumference disease-risk cutoff for women?

Greater than 88 cm or 35 inches

What is waist-to-hip ratio?

Waist circumference divided by hip circumference

What is a very high-risk waist-to-hip ratio for men under age 60?

Greater than 0.95

What is a very high-risk waist-to-hip ratio for women under age 60?

Greater than 0.86

What is a very high-risk waist-to-hip ratio for men ages 60–69?

Greater than 1.03

What is a very high-risk waist-to-hip ratio for women ages 60–69?

Greater than 0.90

What is a very low waist circumference for women?

Less than 70 cm

What is a low waist circumference for women?

70–89 cm

What is a high waist circumference for women?

90–110 cm

What is a very high waist circumference for women?

Greater than 110 cm

What is a very low waist circumference for men?

Less than 80 cm

What is a low waist circumference for men?

80–99 cm

What is a high waist circumference for men?

100–120 cm

What is a very high waist circumference for men?

Greater than 120 cm

What do skinfold measurements estimate?

Body fat

What assumption is made when using skinfold measurements?

Subcutaneous fat is proportional to total body fat

Approximately what percentage of total body fat is subcutaneous fat?

About one-third

What is the approximate accuracy of skinfold measurements?

About plus or minus 3.5% when proper technique and equations are used

Which side of the body should be used for skinfold measurements?

The right side of the body

How should a person be positioned for skinfold measurements?

Standing

Where should the caliper be placed?

About 1 cm away from the fingers holding the skinfold

How long should you wait before reading a skinfold caliper?

1–2 seconds

How close should duplicate skinfold measurements be?

Within 1–2 mm

What is densitometry?

A method of estimating body composition using body mass and body volume

What principle is hydrodensitometry based on?

Archimedes' principle

What is hydrodensitometry?

A body-composition method that uses underwater weighing to determine body volume

What does ADP stand for?

Air displacement plethysmography

What does ADP measure?

Body volume using air displacement

What are criterion or reference methods for measuring body composition?

DXA and multicomponent modeling

What does DXA stand for?

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Why is fitness testing important for exercise programming?

It provides information needed to create an individualized exercise program

Why is follow-up testing important?

It helps assess progress

Why can fitness testing improve motivation?

It allows participants to set attainable goals and see their progress

Why is screening important before fitness testing?

It helps identify potential risks and determine whether testing is appropriate

What should be considered when assessing health-related fitness?

Cardiorespiratory fitness muscular fitness flexibility and body composition

What is the purpose of measuring waist circumference?

To assess central fat and potential disease risk

What does a larger waist circumference indicate?

Greater central fat and increased disease risk

What is the difference between BMI and body composition?

BMI uses height and body mass while body composition estimates the amount of fat and lean tissue