Grade 10 Review Quiz

Matter

Any substance that has mass and takes up space / has volume

All matter is made of atoms in the three states: solid, liquid and gas

Physical Property

A substance’s characteristics that can be observed / measured without changing the identity if the substance. Includes: colour, density, hardness and boiling and melting point

Chemical Property

A property that becomes evident during or after a chemical reaction change
Includes: Rust formation, flammability, acidity, toxicity reactivity and heat or combustion

Qualitative

Observations you can observe with your 5 senses.
Includes: Colour, smell, touch, taste…

results that are measurable
Includes: length, weight, height, size, numerical values …

Significant Digits

They are a number of digits in a value that help in contributing to the amount of accuracy of a value. They are the digits you are certain and final about.

Certainity & Measurements

All measurements involve uncertainty, no measure with complete certainty since the farthest right digit is always an estimate.
There is certainty in measurement such as number of people or books
100 mL in L and 60s in 1 mins are certain - true relationship by definition

Accuracy

how close a measured value is to the true or target value. It indicates the absence of systematic errors and is a measure of correctness.

Precision

the level of consistency or reproducibility of a set of measurements. It indicates the absence of random errors and is a measure of reliability.

Accuracy vs. Precision

accuracy relates to the closeness of a measurement to the true value, while precision relates to the consistency or reproducibility of multiple measurements. In other words, accuracy is about being correct, while precision is about being consistent.

Physical change

affect the appearance of matter but not its composition. Keeps identity.

I.e liquid water into ice water

Chemical change

Alters the composition of matter, ex. wood burning, iron rusting and bread cutting

Mixture

physical combinations of matter in which each component retains its identity/physical combination of two or more kinds of matter

Heterogeneous

Mixtures in which different components are clearly visible

Homogeneous

Mixtures in which the components are so well blended together that it looks like one substance

Pure substance

Matter that has a definite composition, and stays the same in response to physical change
I.e: water, diamond, gold…

Element

Pure substance (matter) that cannot be separated chemically into simpler substances.
I.e: oxygen, copper, carbon…

Compound

Matter in which two or more elements are chemically combined and can be broken down into elements using chemical processes
I.e: Carbon dioxide - breaks down to carbon and oxygen

Mass

The amount of matter in an object / substance

Length

the measure of distance between 22 points / measure of something to end.
SI units: metres, centimetres, millimeters …
Measured with: ruler, tape measurer …

Temperature

The quantitative measurement of the hotness or coldness of a substance
SI units: Kelvin, degrees celsius
Measured with: thermometer …

Volume

The amount of space an object occupies
Si units: cubic metre, litre, cubic centimetre, millilitre
Measured with: beaker, graduated cylinder …

Mole

The amount of substance / unit of measurement for amount of a substance, a proportional quantity to the number of elementary entities in a substance. For measuring very small entities like atoms.

SI units: moles

DEnsity

The mass per unit of volume of a substance
D = m/V

SI units: kg/m³
Measured: calculated

Energy

The capacity to do work (to move matter)
SI units: joules

SI units

To communicate properly, scientists rely on a standard system of measurement. It allows scientists all around the world to describe matter in the same quantitative language.