Functional Groups

Functional Groups

a characteristic group of atoms/bonds that possess a predictable chemical behavior

Alkene

(Functional group) Hydrocarbon with at least 1 C=C

Alkyne

(Functional group) Hydrocarbon with at least 1 C≡C

Alkyl halide

(Functional group) sp³ hybridized C, one of those bonds is to a halogen (F, Cl, Br or I)

Alkyl→think alkane

Alkane

(Not a functional group) a hydrocarbon without π bonds

Aromatic

(Functional group)

A hydrocarbon with alternating double and single bonds, forming a stable ring structure, typically containing benzene.

Benzene

the most common aromatic compound

Benzene ring

a structure of 6 C atoms that are each bonded to a H atom

Alcohol

OH bonded to a C chain

(Categorize alcohols based off the C they’re attached to)

Most famous alcohol

drinking alcohol

Carboxylic Acid

(functional group) alcohol with a =O added directly adjacent

More acidic than alcohol

Ether

O with 2 C chains

Most famous ether

Diethyl ether

Ester

ether with =O added directly adjacent

Undergo more chemical RXNs than ethers

Amine

a compound containing a N connected to 1-3 alkyl groups

(Catergorized by how many C the N is bonded to)

Amines can be 4° as ions in certain cases

Amide

Amine with a =O directly adjacent

Acyl halide

an alkyl halide with a =O bonded to the C that’s bonded to the halogen

Carbonyl group

C=O (not a functional group)

Aldehyde

a carbonyl group bonded to a H atom (or 2) and 1 C chain

Ketone

carbonyl group bonded to 2 C chains