Thoracic, Abdominal, and Back Anatomy Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the muscles of the thoracic wall, abdomen, back, and perineum, along with associated clinical conditions and anatomical landmarks based on the lecture notes.

Pectoralis Minor

A muscle that draws the scapula forward and downward, originates from Ribs $3-5$, and inserts at the coracoid process of the scapula.

Serratus Anterior

A muscle that protracts and stabilizes the scapula against the rib cage, innervated by the long thoracic nerve.

Winged scapula

A clinical condition resulting from an injury to the long thoracic nerve, specifically affecting the Serratus Anterior.

Subclavius

A muscle originating at Rib 1 and inserting at the clavicle that stabilizes the sternoclavicular joint.

External Intercostals

Deep thoracic muscles that elevate the ribs during inhalation.

Internal Intercostals

Deep thoracic muscles that depress the ribs during forced exhalation.

Diaphragm

The primary muscle of inspiration, innervated by the phrenic nerve ($C3-C5$).

Trapezius

A superficial back muscle innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) that elevates, retracts, rotates the scapula, and extends the head/neck.

Latissimus Dorsi

A large muscle of the posterior thorax that extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

Levator Scapulae

A muscle originating from the upper cervical vertebrae that elevates the scapula.

Rhomboid Major and Minor

Muscles that retract and stabilize the scapula, innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.

Rectus Abdominis

An anterior abdominal muscle that flexes the lumbar vertebral column.

External Oblique

An abdominal muscle that compresses abdominal contents and rotates the trunk; it also forms the inguinal ligament.

Psoas Major

A posterior abdominal wall muscle originating from the lumbar vertebrae that flexes the trunk and thigh.

Iliacus

A muscle originating at the iliac fossa and sacrum that flexes the trunk and thigh, innervated by the femoral nerve.

Quadratus Lumborum

A posterior abdominal muscle that laterally flexes the vertebral column.

Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Layers

The layers from superficial to deep: 1. Skin, 2. Superficial fascia (Camper’s & Scarpa’s), 3. External oblique, 4. Internal oblique, 5. Transversus abdominis, 6. Transversalis fascia, 7. Parietal peritoneum.

Inguinal Ligament

Anatomical structure extending from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle, formed by the external oblique aponeurosis.

Ischiocavernosus

A muscle of the urogenital triangle that originates at the ischial tuberosity and acts in erection.

Bulbospongiosus

A muscle originating at the perineal body that acts in erection, innervated by the pudendal nerve.

External Urethral Sphincter

A muscle of the urogenital diaphragm responsible for voluntary urination.

Levator Ani

A major muscle of the pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic organs, innervated by the pudendal nerve.

Perineal Body

Also called the central tendon of the perineum, it is a muscle attachment point that supports the pelvic floor.

Serratus Posterior Superior

An intermediate back muscle that elevates the ribs during inspiration.

Erector Spinae

A muscle group including the Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis that extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column.

Triangle of Auscultation

A region bordered by the Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, and Rhomboid major; noted as the best place to hear lung sounds.

Suboccipital Triangle

A region containing the vertebral artery, suboccipital nerve, and suboccipital venous plexus.

Occipital Neuralgia

Stabbing or throbbing pain in the back of the head caused by compression or damage to the occipital nerve.

Torticollis (Wryneck)

A condition where the neck is twisted to one side, often involving the sternocleidomastoid muscle.