3.2.1-3.2.3 Quiz Study Guide

The long tube of the digestive system is called the

gastrointestinal tract.

Teeth

mechanically breaks down food for swallowing and digestion

Tongue

mixes food with saliva and helps to swallow

Salivary Gland

Secrete saliva to start breaking down food

Oral Cavity

entry point for food and the start of the digestion

Uvula

prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

Pharynx

muscular tube that connects the mouth to esophagus

Upper esophageal sphincter

gatekeeper to digestive system

Lower esophageal sphincter

prevents reflux from stomach

Esophagus

tube that transports food to the stomach

Stomach

muscular organ that breaks down food with mixing and digestive acid

Liver

produces bile to aid in fat digestion

Gallbladder

 stores and releases bile

Pancreas

produces enzymes to break down food and neutralize stomach acid

Pyloric Sphincter

regulates the release of partially digested food into small intestine

Duodenum

neutralizes stomach acid and absorbs key nutrients (iron, calcium, vitamins, etc.)

Jejunum

middle section where most nutrients is absorbed

Ileum

final part of the small intestine, primarily absorbs B₁₂

Ascending colon

converts liquid waste into solid poop

Transverse colon

absorbs water, electrolytes, and nutrients

Descending colon

storage and compaction reservoir

Sigmoid colon

store poop and move it to the rectum for pooping

Rectum

where waste is temporary stored

Anus

exit point for poop

What is endoscopy?

Techniques used to see inside the digestive system

Symptoms of Whipples’s disease

Diarrhea

Abdominal pain

Weight loss

Joint pain

Cause of Whipples disease

A bacterial infection in the small intestine

Biopsy

Taking a small piece of tissue to see if it is cancerous

What does bacterial diversity aid in?

Digestion

Metabolism

Immune functions

A

Tongue

B

Salivary Gland

C

Uvula

D

Pharynx

E

Upper Esophageal Sphincter

A

Liver

B

Pyloric Sphincter

C

Gallbladder

D

Jejunum

E

Ascending Colon

F

Ileum

G

Anus

H

Esophagus

I

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

J

Stomach

K

Transverse Colon

L

Descending Colon

M

Sigmoid Colon

N

Rectum

What is dysbiosis?

Microbial imbalance

What are 4 key factors that can lead to microbial imbalance?

Antibiotics 

Dietary habits

Stress

Chronic illness

What are some common side effects of microbial imbalance?

Abdominal pain

Nausea

Diarrhea

Constipation

Bad breath