Untitled Flashcards Set

Abba Kovner

A partisan leader who said, 'They will not take us like sheep to the slaughter,' and helped create the guerrilla group known as the Avengers.

Adam Czerniakow

President of the Judenrat who committed suicide after being ordered to arrange the relocation of 6,000 people.

Adolf Eichmann

SS officer responsible for managing the mass deportation of Jews and a key figure in the Final Solution.

Auschwitz

A notorious concentration and extermination camp established in 1941, known for its gas chambers and medical experiments.

Babi Yar

A ravine in Kyiv where Nazi forces executed 33,771 Jews in late September 1941.

Belzec

The second killing center established for Operation Reinhard, where mass murder began on March 17, 1942.

Bergen-Belsen

A concentration camp that began as an Allied POW camp, resulting in approximately 52,000 deaths.

Bermuda Conference

A meeting between UK and USA in April 1943 to discuss Jewish refugees liberated from Nazi-occupied Europe.

Casablanca Conference

A meeting between Roosevelt and Churchill to discuss war plans, including a policy of 'unconditional surrender'.

Chaim Rumkowski

Head of the Jewish council of elders in the Lodz ghetto, appointed by Nazi Germany. sacrificed many to save few

Chelmno

The first killing center established in Nazi-occupied Poland, where victims were gassed in vans.

Death Marches

Forced transfers of prisoners from one Nazi camp to another, resulting in numerous deaths.

Displaced Persons

Survivors of WWII and the Holocaust who lived in camps after the war due to being unable to return home.

Einsatzgruppen

Mobile killing units responsible for mass murder in occupied territories.

Emanuel Ringelblum

Established the Oneg Shabbat archive in the Warsaw ghetto to document Jewish life.

Final Solution

The Nazi plan for the systematic extermination of the Jewish people.

Gas Chambers

Mass killing chambers primarily using Zyklon B to execute victims.

General Government

The German-occupied zone of Poland, administered separately for logistical reasons.

Ghetto

Segregated areas where Jews were forcibly confined during the Holocaust.

Holocaust by Bullets

The assassination of 1.5 million Ukrainian Jews during the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union.

Hunger Plan

Nazi plan devised by Herbert Backe to seize food from the Soviet Union and give it to German soldiers and civilians. The plan entailed the genocide by starvation of millions of Soviet citizens following Operation Barbarossa, the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union. The plan created a famine as an act of policy, killing millions of people.

Jäger Report

Document detailing the activities of Einsatzkommando 3, providing a key record of the Holocaust in Eastern Europe.

Josef Mengele

SS officer known for conducting inhumane medical experiments on prisoners at Auschwitz.

Judenrat

Jewish councils established in ghettos to represent the Jewish community during WWII.

Kielce Pogrom

A violent attack in Poland where at least 42 Jews were murdered.

Madagascar Plan

Nazi proposal to create a Jewish ethnostate by deporting Jews to Madagascar.

Mordechai Anielewicz

Leader of the Jewish Fighting Organization during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

Oneg Shabbat

An archive in the Warsaw ghetto documenting daily life, created by Emanuel Ringelblum.

Operation Barbarossa

The German invasion of the Soviet Union that began on June 22, 1941.

Operation Reinhard

The plan for the systematic murder of Jews at Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka.

Operation Tannenberg

Nazi operation targeting the Polish elite for extermination.

Operation Torch

The Allied invasion of French North Africa during WWII in November 1942.

Order Service

Jewish police set up in ghettos to maintain order but often seen as collaborators.

Paper Brigade

Group in the Vilna ghetto that hid Jewish cultural items from the Nazis.

Raoul Wallenberg

Swedish diplomat who saved thousands of Jews in Hungary during the Holocaust.

Riegner Telegram

Message sent in August 1942 detailing the Nazi plan to murder European Jews.

Rosenstrasse Protest

Demonstration in Germany against the deportation of Jewish men in March 1943.

Rudolf Kastner

A journalist who negotiated to allow a group of Jews to escape to Switzerland.

Sobibor

One of the three main killing centers established under Operation Reinhard.

Sonderkommando

Work units made up of death camp prisoners who were forced to handle the bodies.

Szmul Zygielbojm

Polish politician who advocated for Jewish rights during the Nazi invasion. (in britain and usa)

T-4 Program

Nazi euthanasia program aimed at the systematic murder of disabled individuals.

Theresienstadt

A camp/ghetto used for prominent Jews, functioning as a transit camp with less forced labor.

Treblinka

A camp established first as a forced labor camp and later as a killing center.

Tuvia Bielski

Leader of the Bielski group, which conducted food raids and anti-Nazi missions.

Umschlagplatz

An assembly area for Jews in occupied Poland awaiting deportation to death camps.

Vichy France

The puppet government controlled by Nazi Germany in France.

Wannsee Conference

Meeting of German officials to discuss the implementation of the Final Solution.

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

An armed revolt in January 1943 against the deportation of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto.

Yalta Conference

Meeting of leaders from the UK, USA, and USSR to discuss post-war Europe.

Zyklon B

A cyanide-based pesticide used in gas chambers to kill victims.