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What are the two classes of senses?
General and Special
temperature
General
pain
General
touch
General
stretch
General
pressure
General
gustation
Special
olfaction
Special
vision
Special
equilibrium
Special
audition
Special
Stimuli are detected by…….
receptors
chemoreceptors detects
changes in chemical composition
thermoreceptors detects
temperature
photoreceptors detects
light and color
mechanoreceptors detects
touch, pressure, and vibration
nociceptors detects
tissue damage
What is #1?
Epidermis
What is #2?
Dermis
What is #3?
Subcutaneous tissue
What is #4?
Hair follicle receptor
What is #5?
Tactile disk
What is #6?
Heat receptor, nociceptor
What is #7?
Cold receptor, nociceptor
What is #8?
Merkel cell-axon complex
What is #9?
Meissner corpuscle
What is #10?
Ruffini corpuscle
What is #11?
Pacinian corpuscle
What is #12?
Free nerve ending
Proprioceptors: Muscle spindles detect
muscle stretch
Proprioceptors: Golgi tendon organs detect
tendon stretch
Filiform
anterior 2/3 tongue
Fungiform
anterior 2/3 tongue
Circumvallate
back of tongue, largest
Foliate
lateral tongue
Facial nerve:
anterior 2/3 of tongue
Glossopharyngeal nerve:
posterior 1/3 of tongue
What is this?
Filiform papillae
What is this?
Fungiform papillae
What is this?
Filiform and fungiform papillae
What is this?
Foliate papillae
What is this?
Circumvallate papillae
What is #1?
Taste pore
What is #2?
Gustatory cells
What is #3?
Supporting cells
What is #4?
Basal cells
What is #5?
Sensory neuron
Gustatory cells
Chemoreceptors. Respond to five basic tastes (salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami). Replaced every 7-10 days
Basal cells
Immature cells, replace other two cell types
What is #1?
Olfactory bulb
What is #2?
Cribriform plate
What is #3?
Olfactory epithelium
What is #4?
Mucus layer
What is #5?
Supporting cell
What is #6?
Olfactory receptor neuron
What is #7?
Olfactory gland
What is #8?
Axons of CN I
What are the olfactory receptor neurons?
Chemoreceptors, bipolar neurons
Olfaction
Thousands of chemical stimuli can be recognized by the olfactory receptor cells
What do the eyebrows, eyelashes, and eyelids (palpebrae) do?
Prevent foreign objects from contacting the eye
What does conjunctiva do?
Covers eye’s anterior surface and internal eyelid surface
Vitreous chamber is filled with
Vitreous humor
What makes up the fibrous tunic?
Sclera, Cornea
What makes up the vascular tunic?
Choroid, Ciliary body, Suspensory ligaments, Iris
What makes up the neural tunic?
Retina and photoreceptors
Rods
(function in dim light, don’t provide sharp vision or color vision, more numerous than cones)
Cones
(operate best in bright light, provide high acuity color vision)
Fovea centralis
(contains only cones, maximal visual acuity)
Optic disc
(contains no rods or cones, axons exit eye, blind spot)
What is #1?
Rods
What is #2?
Cone
Macular Degeneration
area around fovea degenerates
Cataracts
(cloudy lens)
Glaucoma
(high pressure in eye hurts optic nerve)
Auricle
External Ear
External auditory canal
External Ear
Ceruminous glands
External Ear
Tympanic Membrane
External Ear
What produces cerumen?
Ceruminous glands
Earwax impedes microorganism growth
Ceruminous glands
Ossicles: Malleus Incus Stapes
Middle Ear Structures
What is #1?
Malleus
What is #2?
Incus
What is #3?
Stapes
What is #4?
Stapedius muscle
What is #5?
Tensor tympani muscle
What is #6?
Tympanic cavity (air-filled cavity)
What is #7?
Tympanic membrane
The auditory tube connects the air-filled middle ear to the…..
nasopharynx
Otitis media:
infection of the middle ear
Middle Ear Structures are usually _______ but open up to equilibrate pressure in middle ear
closed
What is #1?
Semicircular canals
What is #2?
Vestibule
What is #3?
Round window
What is #4?
Oval window
What is #5?
Cochlea
Utricle and saccule
Vestibule
Detects linear acceleration and head position
Vestibule
Helps sense equilibrium
Vestibule
Detect rotational movements
Semicircular canals
Note 
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