Cell 220 Lecture 13 - Senses (Exam 2)

What are the two classes of senses?

General and Special

temperature

General

pain

General

touch

General

stretch

General

pressure

General

gustation

Special

olfaction

Special

vision

Special

equilibrium

Special

audition

Special

Stimuli are detected by…….

receptors

chemoreceptors detects

changes in chemical composition

thermoreceptors detects

temperature

photoreceptors detects

light and color

mechanoreceptors detects

touch, pressure, and vibration

nociceptors detects

tissue damage

What is #1?

Epidermis

What is #2?

Dermis

What is #3?

Subcutaneous tissue

What is #4?

Hair follicle receptor

What is #5?

Tactile disk

What is #6?

Heat receptor, nociceptor

What is #7?

Cold receptor, nociceptor

What is #8?

Merkel cell-axon complex

What is #9?

Meissner corpuscle

What is #10?

Ruffini corpuscle

What is #11?

Pacinian corpuscle

What is #12?

Free nerve ending

Proprioceptors: Muscle spindles detect

muscle stretch

Proprioceptors: Golgi tendon organs detect

tendon stretch

Filiform

anterior 2/3 tongue

Fungiform

anterior 2/3 tongue

Circumvallate

back of tongue, largest

Foliate

lateral tongue

Facial nerve:

anterior 2/3 of tongue

Glossopharyngeal nerve:

posterior 1/3 of tongue

What is this?

Filiform papillae

What is this?

Fungiform papillae

What is this?

Filiform and fungiform papillae

What is this?

Foliate papillae

What is this?

Circumvallate papillae

What is #1?

Taste pore

What is #2?

Gustatory cells

What is #3?

Supporting cells

What is #4?

Basal cells

What is #5?

Sensory neuron

Gustatory cells

Chemoreceptors. Respond to five basic tastes (salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami). Replaced every 7-10 days

Basal cells

Immature cells, replace other two cell types

What is #1?

Olfactory bulb

What is #2?

Cribriform plate

What is #3?

Olfactory epithelium

What is #4?

Mucus layer

What is #5?

Supporting cell

What is #6?

Olfactory receptor neuron

What is #7?

Olfactory gland

What is #8?

Axons of CN I

What are the olfactory receptor neurons?

Chemoreceptors, bipolar neurons

Olfaction

Thousands of chemical stimuli can be recognized by the olfactory receptor cells

What do the eyebrows, eyelashes, and eyelids (palpebrae) do?

Prevent foreign objects from contacting the eye

What does conjunctiva do?

Covers eye’s anterior surface and internal eyelid surface

Vitreous chamber is filled with

Vitreous humor

What makes up the fibrous tunic?

Sclera, Cornea

What makes up the vascular tunic?

Choroid, Ciliary body, Suspensory ligaments, Iris

What makes up the neural tunic?

Retina and photoreceptors

Rods

(function in dim light, don’t provide sharp vision or color vision, more numerous than cones)

Cones

(operate best in bright light, provide high acuity color vision)

Fovea centralis

(contains only cones, maximal visual acuity)

Optic disc

(contains no rods or cones, axons exit eye, blind spot)

What is #1?

Rods

What is #2?

Cone

Macular Degeneration

area around fovea degenerates

Cataracts

(cloudy lens)

Glaucoma

(high pressure in eye hurts optic nerve)

Auricle

External Ear

External auditory canal

External Ear

Ceruminous glands

External Ear

Tympanic Membrane

External Ear

What produces cerumen?

Ceruminous glands

Earwax impedes microorganism growth

Ceruminous glands

Ossicles: Malleus Incus Stapes

Middle Ear Structures

What is #1?

Malleus

What is #2?

Incus

What is #3?

Stapes

What is #4?

Stapedius muscle

What is #5?

Tensor tympani muscle

What is #6?

Tympanic cavity (air-filled cavity)

What is #7?

Tympanic membrane

The auditory tube connects the air-filled middle ear to the…..

nasopharynx

Otitis media:

infection of the middle ear

Middle Ear Structures are usually _______ but open up to equilibrate pressure in middle ear

closed

What is #1?

Semicircular canals

What is #2?

Vestibule

What is #3?

Round window

What is #4?

Oval window

What is #5?

Cochlea

Utricle and saccule

Vestibule

Detects linear acceleration and head position

Vestibule

Helps sense equilibrium

Vestibule

Detect rotational movements

Semicircular canals