head and neck muscles

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16 Terms

1
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5 facial muscles

all controlled by the facial nerve, a type of cranial nerve VII

  • frontalis

  • orbicularis oculi

  • orbicularis oris

  • buccinator

  • zygomaticus

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frontalis

raises eyebrows, facial expression, causes wrinkles

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orbicularis oculi

  • closes eyes, squints, blinks, winks

  • circular muscle

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orbicularis oris

  • closes mouth and protrudes the lips

  • circular muscle

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buccinator

  • flattens the cheek

  • deeper, underneath the zygomatic

  • anterior to the masseter

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zygomaticus

  • raises the corners of the mouth, smiling

  • located at the zygomatic bone (lateral border of eyesocket)

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2 chewing muscles

controlled by trigeminal nerve, CN V

  • masseter

  • temporalis

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masseter

  • closes the jaw and elevates the mandible

  • the muscle you feel when you touch your cheeks and bite down

  • made up of two muscles, superficial and deep

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temporalis

  • synergist of the masseter

  • the muscle you feel when you touch your temples and bite down

  • over the temporal bone

  • superior to the ear

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2 neck muscles

  • platysma

  • sternocleidomastoid

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platysma

  • pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly (neck muscles pulled down)

  • anterior muscle

  • looks like a sheet

  • controlled by the facial nerve

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sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

  • sterno-: sternum

  • -cleido-: clavicle

  • -mastoid: insertion

  • origin: sternum and clavicle

  • flexes the neck (looking down), rotates the head

  • controlled by accessory nerve, CN XI

  • dual intervention (two nerve roots): C2, C3

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3 eye muscles

  • superior oblique muscle (SO)

  • lateral rectus (LR)

  • ocular motor nerve (CN III)

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superior oblique muscle (SO)

  • controlled by CN IV, pulley nerve

  • moves eyeball down and out (inferior and lateral) at the same time, diagonal

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lateral rectus (LR)

  • controlled by cranial nerve VI, abducens nerve

  • laterally moves eyeball

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ocular motor nerve (CN III)

controls

  • superior rectus: moves eyeball up

  • inferior rectus: moves eyeball down

  • medial rectus: moves eyeball medially

  • inferior oblique: lower eyesocket border, rotates eye