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1st_Lecture_on_Cognitive_Psychology
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24 Terms
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1
Cognitive Psychology
The study of perception, learning, memory, and thinking.
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2
Rationalism
The belief that knowledge is derived from reasoning and logic, associated with philosophers like Plato and Descartes.
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3
Empiricism
The theory that knowledge comes from experience and observation, associated with philosophers like Aristotle and Locke.
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4
Kant's Synthesis
The idea that both rationalism and empiricism are necessary for knowledge.
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5
Structuralism
A psychological approach that focused on breaking down mental processes into their basic components, developed by Wundt and Titchener.
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6
Functionalism
A psychological perspective that studied the purpose of mental processes, developed by James and Dewey.
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7
Associationism
The theory that learning occurs through associations, emphasizing contiguity, similarity, and contrast, associated with Ebbinghaus and Thorndike.
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8
Behaviorism
A psychological approach that focuses on observable behavior, criticized for ignoring mental processes, developed by Watson and Skinner.
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9
Gestalt Psychology
The belief that the whole of an experience is greater than the sum of its parts.
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10
Cognitivism
An approach that emerged in the 1950s as a response to behaviorism, emphasizing mental processes and information processing.
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11
Psychobiology
A field that studies the relationship between the brain and behavior, highlighting contributions from researchers like Lashley and Hebb.
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12
AI (Artificial Intelligence)
The field of study aimed at creating systems that can mimic human thinking, emerging prominently in 1956.
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13
Modularity of Mind
The theory that some mental processes are domain-specific, such as language processing.
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14
Domain-general processing
The idea that cognitive mechanisms are shared across different domains.
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15
Intelligence
The ability to learn from experience, adapt to the environment, and employ metacognition.
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16
Carroll’s Three-Stratum Model
A model of intelligence that categorizes it into narrow abilities, broad abilities, and general intelligence.
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17
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
The theory that proposes multiple distinct forms of intelligence, such as linguistic, spatial, and musical.
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18
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
A theory proposing three forms of intelligence: creative, analytical, and practical.
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19
Lab experiments
Research methods used in cognitive psychology to control variables and test cognitive functions.
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20
Psychobiological research
Research that utilizes brain imaging techniques to analyze cognitive functions, such as criminal behavior.
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21
Self-reports
Research methods that measure subjective experiences through personal accounts.
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22
Case studies
In-depth analyses of single patients to understand specific cognitive functions, exemplified by case study of HM.
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23
Naturalistic observation
A research method that involves analyzing behavior in real-world settings.
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24
Computer simulations & AI
Techniques used in cognitive modeling and machine learning to simulate cognitive processes.
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