1st_Lecture_on_Cognitive_Psychology

Cognitive Psychology

The study of perception, learning, memory, and thinking.

Rationalism

The belief that knowledge is derived from reasoning and logic, associated with philosophers like Plato and Descartes.

Empiricism

The theory that knowledge comes from experience and observation, associated with philosophers like Aristotle and Locke.

Kant's Synthesis

The idea that both rationalism and empiricism are necessary for knowledge.

Structuralism

A psychological approach that focused on breaking down mental processes into their basic components, developed by Wundt and Titchener.

Functionalism

A psychological perspective that studied the purpose of mental processes, developed by James and Dewey.

Associationism

The theory that learning occurs through associations, emphasizing contiguity, similarity, and contrast, associated with Ebbinghaus and Thorndike.

Behaviorism

A psychological approach that focuses on observable behavior, criticized for ignoring mental processes, developed by Watson and Skinner.

Gestalt Psychology

The belief that the whole of an experience is greater than the sum of its parts.

Cognitivism

An approach that emerged in the 1950s as a response to behaviorism, emphasizing mental processes and information processing.

Psychobiology

A field that studies the relationship between the brain and behavior, highlighting contributions from researchers like Lashley and Hebb.

AI (Artificial Intelligence)

The field of study aimed at creating systems that can mimic human thinking, emerging prominently in 1956.

Modularity of Mind

The theory that some mental processes are domain-specific, such as language processing.

Domain-general processing

The idea that cognitive mechanisms are shared across different domains.

Intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, adapt to the environment, and employ metacognition.

Carroll’s Three-Stratum Model

A model of intelligence that categorizes it into narrow abilities, broad abilities, and general intelligence.

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

The theory that proposes multiple distinct forms of intelligence, such as linguistic, spatial, and musical.

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

A theory proposing three forms of intelligence: creative, analytical, and practical.

Lab experiments

Research methods used in cognitive psychology to control variables and test cognitive functions.

Psychobiological research

Research that utilizes brain imaging techniques to analyze cognitive functions, such as criminal behavior.

Self-reports

Research methods that measure subjective experiences through personal accounts.

Case studies

In-depth analyses of single patients to understand specific cognitive functions, exemplified by case study of HM.

Naturalistic observation

A research method that involves analyzing behavior in real-world settings.

Computer simulations & AI

Techniques used in cognitive modeling and machine learning to simulate cognitive processes.