Key Concepts in Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Applied Psychology

Using psychological principles to solve practical problems.

Industrial Psychology

Focuses on job skills and success factors.

Organizational Psychology

Studies organizational structures to enhance performance.

Personnel Psychology

Applies psychology in employee selection and promotion.

Job Analysis

Detailed description of job skills and activities.

Task-oriented Job Analysis

Identifies specific duties required for a job.

Worker-oriented Job Analysis

Focuses on knowledge and personality needed for jobs.

Critical Incidents

Situations requiring competent employee responses.

Selection Process

Evaluating potential candidates for job positions.

Biodata

Past behaviors indicating future job performance.

Interviews

Questioning applicants about qualifications and personality.

Structured Interviews

Consistent and standardized questioning format.

Aptitude Test

Measures potential to learn job-related tasks.

Big 5 Personality Inventories

Screens candidates based on personality traits.

Agreeableness

Personality trait linked to teamwork success.

Openness to Experience

Predicts performance in creative job roles.

Assessment Centers

In-depth evaluations for management candidate selection.

Triangulation

Using multiple evaluation techniques for candidate assessment.

Situational Judgement Test

Evaluates behavior in realistic work scenarios.

In Basket Test

Assesses prioritization and planning skills.

Flexitime

Flexible start and end times for work.

Flexplace

Telecommuting outside traditional workplace.

Job Enrichment

Enhancing work with achievement and responsibility.

Theory X Leadership

Assumes workers need external motivation to be productive.

Theory Y Leadership

Believes workers are motivated by challenging work.

Scientific Management

Focuses on maximizing worker efficiency.

Transformational Leadership

Inspires employees to exceed expectations and grow.

Idealized Influence

Leaders serve as role models for followers.

Inspirational Motivation

Ability to inspire and provide a vision.

Intellectual Stimulation

Encourages innovation and creative thinking.

Individualized Consideration

Shows concern for followers' needs and feelings.