chem test - atomic bonding

what kind elements usually form ionic bonds?

a metal and a nonmetal

what happens in an ionic bond?

a transfer of electrons

how is an ionic bond held?

electrostatic attraction

what does a superscript usually show?

the charge of an atom

what does a subscript show?

the number of atoms in a formula

what kind of elements form metallic bonds?

metals

solubility

a degree to which a substance dissolves to make a solution (dissolves in water)

malleability

quality of something that can be shaped into something else without breaking

ductility

ability of a material to be drown or plastically deformed without fracture (to be stretched into a wire)

conductivity

measure of which a material can pass through a current

brittle

property of a material that fractures when subjected to stress (breaks easily)

melting point

temp where a solid melts

boiling point

temp at which a liquid boils and becomes vapor

what types of elements form covalent bonds?

nonmetals

what happens in a covalent bond?

sharing of electrons

how do you find the central atom of a covalent bond?

lowest electronegativity

what is the strongest bond in a covalent bond?

triple bond

what are the common exceptions to the octet rule?

phosphorus and sulfur (3rd period)

what is resonance?

when more than one lewis structure can be drawn for a molecule

how do you calculate a formal charge?

total valence electrons - # of dots - # of lines

what are polyatomic ions?

two or more atoms covalently bonded together that collectively have a charge

what is the VESPR theory?

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, helps determine the shape of molecules

What is electron geometry?

location of valence electrons within a compound (regions)

What is molecular geometry?

location of atoms within a molecule (based on # of regions and lone pairs)