GSMST Orchestra: Final Exam Review

Expressionism

music written to evoke an emotional response from the listener

1 characteristic of 20th Century Music

tonality dissolves

What did orchestra in the Romantic period do?

It became larger

Classical period music characteristics

Generally, music with clear-cut, 4 measure phrases, and clearly marked cadences is a characteristic

Baroque period orchestra was smaller than the Classical period orchestra

Difference b/w Baroque period orchestra and classical period orchestra

cantata is shorter than an oratorio

difference b/w cantata and oratorio

Antiphonal

Singing that alternates back and forth between 2 or more groups

Responsorial

Singing that has a vocal soloist alternate with a choir

Estampie

type of Medieval instrumental, secular dance

Organum

any Medieval music that adds a second melodic line to Gregorian Chant

Polyphony

predominant music style of the Renaissance

Madrigal

Renaissance polyphonic, vocal composition that was secular and often about courtly love

Medieval Era

450-1450

Renaissance Era

1450-1600

Baroque Era

1600-1750

Classical Era

1750-1820

Romantic Era

1820-1900

Declaration of Independence occurred in this era

Classical

American Civil War occurred in this era

Romantic

Black Death occurred in this era

Medieval

When was the Declaration of Independence?

1776

when was the american civil war

1861-1865

when was the black death

1348-1350

Medieval Period Composers

Stephen of Leige, Fulbert of Chartes, Peter Abelard

Renaissance Period Composers

Thomas Tallis, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Orlande de Lassus

Classical Period Composers

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert

Why did the Baroque period end?

J. S. Bach died

Primitivism

use of barbaric sounding rhythms and dissonance in pieces like Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring)

Impressionism

Depicting a "vague picture" in music with use of scales like the whole tone scale as exemplified by Debussy's Engulfed Cathedral

Arnold Schoenberg

composer who was part of the New Viennese School and created the 12-tone method of composition

Matrix

used to determine the pattern of notes used in a piece of music in 12-tone composition; created by Arnold Schoenberg

Opera

Has no spoken dialogue

Programmatic music

Music that tells a story or depicts an image

Nationalistic music

Music inspired by traditional dance rhythms, folk tunes, and/or stories from a particular country or region

Art song

The other term for German "Lied"

Symphony

Classical period composition which started with 3 movements, before moving to 4

Standard instrumentation for a string quartet

2 violins, viola, cello

Sonata

classical period, multi-movement composition for soloist and piano or piano alone

Concerto

multi-movement composition for soloist accompanied by an orchestra

Oratorio

Classical period composition for vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra that tells a story without actors, sets, or costumes

Concerto grosso

hallmark composition of the Baroque period for a small group of soloists accompanied by orchestra

Baroque suite

a multi-movement work comprised of dances

Modes

scales used for music during the Medieval period

Monophony

predominant form of music in the EARLY Medieval period, a single melody line with latin text

Pope Gregory

cataloged chant and made it part of the Medieval Catholic liturgy

Troubadors and Trouveres

Performers of medieval secular music from & in France; their music is the largest surviving body of works

Motet

Renaissance polyphonic, vocal composition that was usually sacred

Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, Modern

Order of Eras

Modern Era

1900-present

col legno

with the wood of the bow

sul tasto

play over the finger board

con sordino (con sord.)

with mute

marcato

marked/slightly detached

Tenuto ( - )

play note to its full value

staccato ( . )

lightly separated

slur

smooth and connected, legato

crescendo

get gradually louder

decrescendo

get gradually softer

Baroque Period Composers

J.S. Bach, Corelli, Handel, Rameau, Scarlatti, Telemann, Vivaldi

Romantic Period Composers

Brahms, Chopin, Liszt, Schubert, Schumann, Tchaikovsky, Debussy

Modern Period Composers

Shostakovich, Stravinsky, Copeland