SocSci Review

Reconstruction

Period of attempts addressing inequities of slavery, and its political, social, and economic legacies of United States from the readmission to the Union of 11 states that had ceded at or before the outbreak of the war.

Declining

As the US grew in power, other imperial nations in Europe were \___________.

Dupuy de Lome

A Diplomatic brouhaha was published in the US Newsletter by \___________, calling President William McKinley as a weak and low politician.

USS Maine

Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War

Blown up by a mine

An official US Naval Court of Inquiry declared that the ship was \____________, without directly putting the blame on Spain.

Yellow Journalism

Why did the majority of the American public doubt the official explanation of the US Naval Court of Inquiry as to why the Maine sank?

Manifest Destiny

Americans believed that being superior, it is their duty to bring the benefits of civilization to ignorant people abroad either by conversion or conquest

Springboard for commercial expansion in Asia

American diplomats considered the Philippines to be the \_____________ to get a share of the "Chinese melon"

Political Factor

The US wanted colonies for power and glory, and being a new player in the competition among the world powers, a sense of national pride is felt for having the Philippines as its first colony.

Religious Factor

Christian churches favored the annexation of the Philippines for evangelization among Protestant groups and retention of power among the Catholic groups.

Military Factor

The Philippines is strategically planned for American
operations in Asia to protect American
economic and political interests.

Mock Battle of Manila

Result of negotiations between US Commodore Dewey and Jaudenes to end the conflict between the United States - together with the Filipino revolutionary forces - and Spain battling for control over Manila.

Treaty of Paris

US took over Spanish Colonies, such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

20 million dollars

Philippines was sold to America by Spain for \______________.

US Protectorate

Cuba became a \______________.

Ant-Imperialist League

Believed that US expansion is an immoral act for any civilized state to colonize other people against their will.

Twain and Dunne

Posited the fact that expansion was possible without taking over a territory.

Benevolent Assimilation

McKinley and the U.S. were trying to "assimilate" the Philippines to help them become better.

Military Government

The Americans used enticing propaganda to gain support from their colony, however, they also used \_______ to pacify the country from Filipino resistance.

Maj. Gen. Wesley Merritt

The first Military Governor who served as the highest authority by the American government.

Meritt, Otis, Merritt

The Military Governors of the Philippines

Cayetano Arellano

the first Filipino chief justice

Macario Sakay

Attempted to establish his own Tagalog Republic

Malvar, Lukban, Ola

Filipino insurgents from the unpacified regions specifically from the Southern Tagalog, Bicol Region, and other parts.

Treaty Traps

Muslim struggle; some leaders in exchange of provisional peace in Mindanao while focusing on supplanting the revolutionary groups in Luzon and Mindanao.

Water Cure

Torturous method employed by US soldiers to simulate drowning by forcing water down one's throat in order to gain information from Filipino combatants, guerillas were punished without fair trial

Sedition Law

Suppress and censor Filipino media

Flag Law

Banned the display of the Philippine Flag

Pacify Filipino insurgence

Why were repressive laws such as the flag and sedition law created?

Schurman Commission

First Philippine Commission headed by Dr. Jacob G. Schurman, to make a survey of Philippine conditions for the achievement of the peaceful extension of American sovereignty to the Philippines.

Filipino-American War

Why could the Schurman Commission not finish its objective?

Territorial government with 2 legislatures, withdraw military rule in pacified areas, autonomous local gov't, elem schools

Recommendations of the Schurman Commission

Taft Commission

Second Philippine Commission headed by William H. Taft

Civil Government

The Taft Commission initiated the start of a \__________.

Magna Carta of the Philippines

Designed for our satisfaction or for the expression of our [Americans] theoretical views, but for the happiness, peace, and prosperity of the people of the Philippines.

2 Million pesos

The appropriation of \___________ for the construction and repair of roads and bridges was accomplished during the Taft Commission.

American Apostasy

Filipinos could not occupy areas after Spanish collapse, they were driven away from Manila Bay, no representatives in the Treaty of Paris, and the Benevolent Assimilation was issued 11 days after the Treaty of Paris.

San Juan del Monte Bridge Incident

Private William Grayson fired and killed two unarmed Filipino soldiers on February 4, 1899.

Felipe Buencamino

Following orders from Aguinaldo, launched an investigation on the incident and concluded that it seems the Americans planned the incident to happen.

Otis saw the opportunity to declare war against the Philippines

What happened when the Americans responded to the San Juan del Monte bridge incident?

Major Jose Torres Bugallon

Defeated in La Loma

General Antonio Luna

Defended Kalookan but was overwhelmed by advanced artilleries of the enemies who avenged by burning Manila. He proceeded to Azcarraga but was defeated and thereafter retreated to Polo.

Tirad Pass

Gen. Gregorio del Pilar succumbed in \_______ against Major Peyton March in December 1899.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Gen. \_________was captured by Col. Federick Funston in Palanan, Isabela with the help of Filipino conspirators.

Gen. Miguel Malvar

Took over military leadership and harassed Americans through guerilla tactics and surrendered on April 6, 1902.

Gen. Martin Delgado and Teresa Magbanua

Led the resistance in Iloilo. Gen. Marcus Miller bombarded Iloilo and gradually assumed Iloilo towns.

Gen. Ananias Diokno

took a stand in Capiz but was overwhelmed by advanced weapons of Americans and on March 10, 1899, Capiz fell

Gen. Arcadio Maxilom

operated guerilla warfare against the invaders but eventually lost by the forces of Gen. Miller

Background of Balangiga Massacre

Samar accepted Americans but the tide turned against the latter when American soldiers molested a young girl who was tending them tuba.

Samar Surprise Attack

Plotted by Abanador, Lukban, Saza, Duran, and Nacionales ; the battle erupted and signalled by the sounding of the famous Balangiga bells as a cue for an all-out attack.

Brig. Gen. Jacob Smith

Ordered to kill and burn and transform Balangiga into a howling wilderness by killing anybody that could take up arms. 2500 people were killed and they took into possession the three bells of the parish church as a war trophy.

December 2018

When the Balangiga bells were finally returned to the people of Samar.

Gen. John C. Bates

The Americans were at first diplomatic with the Moros so they sent \____ to negotiate a deal with the Sultan of Sulu, but Bates never planned to ratify the treaty, and its stole purpose was to buy time.

Recognized

Under the Kiram-Bates treaty, the Americans \________ the authority, the religion, and the trade under the flag of the Sultan and his kingdom. On the other hand, the Sultan would recognize the sovereignty of the United States over Jolo and its dependencies.

Americans thought Mainland Mindanao was under the Sultan

Why did confusion arise with Kiram-Bates?

Datu Amirul

The Maranaos refused and insisted on their continued rule as a separate sovereignty, and \_______ was killed in the company of L.M Brett.

Frank Baldwin

chosen to stage the attack against Binadayan and Pandapatan.

John Pershing

Commanded expeditions against Sultan Uali of Butig and Sultan Cabugatan of Maciu who pushed further expeditions against Bacolod, Calahui, and Taraca.

Robert Lee Bullard

secured supply lane from Iligan to Camp Marahui.

Leonard Wood

Assigned governor of the Moro Province, who ordered the surrender of the Moro kris, a symbol of their power and bravery among the Tausugs of Sulu.

Bangsamoro/dar-ul-Islam

Moros were fighting not for the concept of "the Philippines" but of the \________ (land of the Moros) and \______(house of peace/Islam).

Filipinization

deal with Filipino demands that would determine their own national destiny, a policy that took the form of Filipino participation in the work of organizing and perfecting the new government, combined with a program of social reform and economic development.

Little Brown Americans

Alongside the political changes came economic, social, and cultural transformations that essentially what many Americans would like to turn the Filipinos into their "\_____".

Philippine Organic Act

Cooper Act, creation of Philippine Assembly, recognition of US after publication of census, provided a Bill of Rights for the Filipinos

Jones Law of 1916

Replaced the Organic Act, created first fully elected Philippine legislature, framework for a more autonomous government, and provides the grant of independence after a stable government could be established.

Resident commissioners.

The Philippine Organic Act provided the right to send 2 representatives of the Philippines to the US known as \___________.

Half of the Supreme Court

In the Jones law, \______ was reserved for the Americans.

Government with 3 Branches

Executive (Governor General and Vice) as well as cabinet, Legislative (Senate and House of Representatives), Judiciary (Supreme Court and Lower Courts)

Public School System

Department of Public Instruction was established in 1901.

Thomasites

American Teachers who taught English.

Pensionado Program

was approved by the Philippine Commission headed by William Howard Taft. After four years of college and living with American families, they returned to the Philippines as teachers, lawyers, engineers, and mostly as civil servants in the bureaucracy.

Position of Women

Women were allowed to enroll in colleges and universities to become teachers, pharmacists, dentists,
lawyers, physicians, and scientists and they were granted the right to vote and run for public office.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act

Act allowed free entry of Philippine products into the U.S. market,
at the same time U.S. products, mostly manufactured, were exempted from tariff in the Philippines.

Tranvia

was a streetcar system that served Manila and its surrounding cities during the early years of the 20th century.

Philippine National Railways

a state-owned railway company in the Philippines which operates one commuter rail service between Metro Manila and Laguna, and local services between Sipocot, Naga and Legazpi in the Bicol Region. (Manila Railroad Company)

1906

Start of the sending of Independence Missions

Commission of Independence

In In November 1918, the Philippine Legislature created \__________- for the
purpose of studying all matters related to the negotiation and organization of the independence
of the Philippines.

11 senators

The Commision of Independence was composed of \_____________.

1st Parliamentary Mission

led by Manuel Quezon and Rafael Palma was sent
during the time of
Woodrow Wilson

2nd Parliamentary Mission

led by Quezon
and Osmena to counteract the adverse conclusions of Wood-Forbes Report

Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act

The OsRox mission resulted to a law to decolonize the Philippines which was later reenacted to the Tydings-McDuffie Act.

Tydings-McDuffie Act

Had provisions for the drafting of a constitution, provided civil right of Filipinos same w/ US, and stated that the US will control foreign affairs and currency before they leave.

Claro M. Recto

Elected President of the Constitutional Convention tasked to frame the Phil Constitution.

Seven Wise Men

was formed that aimed to prepare in drafting constitution.

Manuel L. Quezon

The Commonwealth was inaugurated with him as the President.

Sergio Osmena

The Commonwealth was inaugurated with him as the Vice President.

Sakdal Uprising

partially armed peasants shattered the tranquility of the night as they seized 3 communities and threaten 3 others in Bulacan, Laguna and Rizal.

Benigmo Ramos

Spokesperson of the oppressed mass (sakdalistas).

Caciquism

Sakdalista promised abolition of all taxes, denouncing
\________, called for equal or common ownership of land

Commonwealth Act. No.1

enacted setting up
the Philippine defense system

General Douglas MacArthur

conferred the title Field Marshal of the Philippines

Regular and Reserved Forces

The Citizen's army was organized with two components.

Commonwealth Act No. 211

established a minimum wage for laborers employed in
public works (P1.00 to P1.25)

8

\_____ hour labor law was passed.

Commonwealth Act No. 213

sought to recognize, define, and regulate legitimate labor issues and a Court of Industrial Relations was established

National Council of Education

was created in
1936 to oversee reforms in education headed by Rafael Palma

45 %

Only of \_____ children of school age were
enrolled in public schools

Commonwealth Act No. 184

Established Institute of a National Language

Commonwealth Act No. 570

Declared Tagalog-based national language as one of the official languages upon independence.

Agricultural sector

was the most important sector
in Philippine economy
providing employment for
65 % of the labor force.