Ch 27 Learning Objectives

Nutrition and Metabolism

27.1.1 Define the terms nutrition and nutrients.

27.1.2 Compare and contrast macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as essential nutrients and nonessential nutrients.

27.1.3 Explain the meaning of recommended daily allowance (RDA).

27.2.4 Identify the categories that are dietary sources of carbohydrates, and give examples of each category.

27.2.5 Classify the types and dietary sources of triglycerides, and describe their functions.

27.2.6 Describe the sources and functions of cholesterol.

27.2.7 Describe why protein is a required dietary nutrient and list the recommended minimum dietary intake of protein.

27.2.8 Explain the difference between a complete protein and an incomplete protein.

27.2.9 Discuss nitrogen balance, and include the difference between a positive and negative nitrogen balance.

27.3.10 Compare and contrast water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins and list examples of how each functions in the body.

27.3.11 Describe the difference between essential and nonessential vitamins.

27.3.12 Define minerals, and list examples of how minerals absorbed in the small intestine function in the body.

27.3.13 Distinguish between major minerals and trace minerals.

27.3.14 Describe MyPlate, which was developed by the USDA to help people eat healthy.

27.4.15 Identify the items that are included on a food label.

27.4.16 Explain when the fed (absorptive) state occurs and how nutrient levels are regulated during this time.

27.5.17 Explain when the fasting (postabsorptive) state occurs and how nutrient levels are regulated during this time.

27.5.18 Explain the relationship of dietary intake of cholesterol and level of cholesterol synthesis in the liver.

27.6.19 Define a lipoprotein, and provide a general overview of their function in the body.

27.6.20 Describe the transport of lipids within the blood.

27.6.21 Identify and briefly describe the numerous roles of the liver in metabolism.

27.6.22 Describe where the following nutrient molecules enter the metabolic pathway of cellular respiration: glucose, the breakdown products of triglycerides, and amino acids

27.7.23 Explain the process by which proteins are deaminated.

27.7.24 Describe the physiologic advantages of the ability to interconvert nutrient biomolecules.

27.8.25 Define metabolic rate, and explain how both basal metabolic rate and total metabolic rate are measured and the variables that influence each.

27.8.26 Define core body temperature, and explain why it must be maintained.

27.8.27 Explain the neural and hormonal controls of temperature regulation.