Pharm IIII Exam- Care of the Special Needs Child

Term used for a child that has defects at birth

CONGENITAL

__ is the study of heredity

GENETICS

What procedure can be done to diagnose genetic disorders

Amniocentesis

___ are substances that the pregnant woman uses or comes into contact with that are known to cause a wide range of fetal abnormalities

TERATOGENS

Should a pregnant woman consume alcohol even if it's 1 glass of wine

NO! Alcohol crosses the placenta

__ abuse is one of the most common causes of cognitive impairment and physical disabilities in children

SUBSTANCE

The Down syndrome child is born with an extra chromosome known as ___

Trisomy 21

Name some S/Sx of Down Syndrome

o Large protruding tongue

o Slanting eyes

o Simian line

o low set ears

Complications for the child with Down Syndrome

o Cardiac defects

o leukemia

o respiratory illnesses

N/C for the Down Syndrome child

o special education

o respite care for caregivers

o repetition to foster learning

o speech and occupational therapy

___ is a genetic, sex-linked abnormality of the X chromosome

Fragile X syndrome

Characteristics of Fragile X syndrome

o abnormally large head

o long, large, protruding jaw

o flattened nasal bridge

o autistic behaviors

__ is one of the most common disorders in which the person has difficulty with reading, spelling, or writing words

DYSLEXIA

**Child may actually have a high IQ

If the child has difficulty listening to and understanding a task, what should you do?

Break up the instructions

o give one or two at a time

The nurse and/ or caregiver should have __ when dealing with the special needs children

PATIENCE

What is the most common child behavioral disorder resulting in poor attention span

ADHD

Ritalin is given for ADHD. What are the side effects

o decreased growth rate

o increase in heart rate and blood pressure

o sleep disturbances

N/C for the child with ADHD

o Minimize environmental ___

o Set ___

o Give the child one ___ at a time

-Stimuli

- limits

- direction

The height and weight of the child on ___ should be measured at frequent intervals and plotted on a growth chart

RITALIN

Children with __ syndrome exhibit multiple involuntary movements and uncontrollable vocalizations, called tics

TOURETTE

Term used for repeating words

ECHOLALIA

Children with Tourette's tend to be ADHD and _

OCD

T r F

Autism is not a disease, it's a syndrome

TRUE

Autistic children typically demonstrate a profound lack of __ interaction

SOCIAL

** they do not like to be touched or cuddled

If an autistic child has a routine should you break it

No, they like their routine and they are used to it

What is the milder form of autism?

Aspergers Syndrome

Individual has difficulties with social interactions but has no language or intellectual disabilities

__ is lead poisoning

PLUMBISM

Name some sources of lead poisoning

o Leaded pottery or dishes

o water passing through old lead pipes

o sand and dirt on playgrounds

o air pollution from gas

o public landfills and industrial sources

What is the most severe complication of lead poisoning

ENCEPHALOPATHY

(Brain degeneration)

Name some S/Sx of lead poisoning

o blue or blue black line on gums

o abdominal pain

o headache

o ataxia (unsteady gait)

__ cerebral palsy is the most common type and involves increased muscle tone or spasticity

SPASTIC

This form of cerebral palsy involves slow, writhing involuntary movements such as twisting, grimacing, and sharp jerks

DYSKINETIC

__ cerebral palsy involves tremors that cause clients to have difficulty controlling their hands and arms and has lack of coordination

ATAXIC

Physical and ___ therapy help maintain the child's muscle strength and assist with adaptive measures

OCCUPATIONAL

A __ bed is a good idea for many disabled children because it helps to prevent joint pain and skin breakdown

WATER

___ muscular dystrophy is the most common muscular disorder affecting boys that results in progressive muscle wasting with gradual loss of strength and increasing muscle deformities

DUCHENNE

A __ Gowers sign occurs with DUCHENNE muscular dystrophy which causes the child to get up by pushing upright on the hands

POSTIVE

__ disorders are common causes of speech impairments in children

HEARING

**the child can't hear themselves talk

__ is a term given to inhaling chemicals that produce a feeling of delirium or a high

HUFFING

In long term care, children tend to have the __ nurse

Same

How should the impaired child be positioned when feeding

Sitting position (semi-fowlers or high fowlers)

Teach the child to suck by ___ the cheeks or by using a special nipple

Massaging

How should you place food in the impaired child

Place the food on the side of the mouth NOT THE CENTER

Never __ the child when eating

Rush

Encourage the child to use their __ to remove food from the spoon

LIPS

What kind of diet is the child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis on

High calorie, high protein diet

What is the treatment for sickle cell crisis

o Administer analgesics

o Provide oxygen

o Encourage fluids

o Transfusion of RBCs