HEIMLER REVIEW GUIDE UNIT 3 1754-1800

These flashcards cover the vocabulary and key concepts from the Heimler Review Guide for Unit 3 (1754-1800), spanning the causes of the American Revolution to the establishment of the New Republic.

Treaty of Paris

The agreement where France cedes North American territory to Britain and Spain, and Spain cedes Florida to Britain.

Proclamation of 1763

A British policy prohibiting colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains after Pontiac’s Rebellion to avoid conflict with Indigenous Americans.

Albany Plan

An unsuccessful proposal to create a unified colonial government that set a precedent for collective identity and action.

Salutary Neglect

The end of this policy led to increased enforcement of Navigation Acts and the introduction of new taxes by PM Grenville to increase revenue.

Virtual Representation

The British argument that Parliament represented the interests of the colonists even though they had no direct say in its laws.

Stamp Act

The first direct tax imposed by the British on the colonists, which was paid directly rather than through trade duties.

Dickinson’s Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer

A written work that opposed British taxes for revenue without colonial consent.

Stamp Act Congress

An organized body that successfully petitioned Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act, representing a step toward colonial cooperation.

Declaratory Act

An act that "declared" Parliament still had the right to legislate on behalf of the colonies after the repeal of the Stamp Act.

Coercive Acts

British laws that closed Boston Harbor and expanded the Quartering Act; known to the colonists as the Intolerable Acts.

Common Sense

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine that used Enlightenment and religious arguments to persuade colonists that monarchy was corrupt.

Olive Branch Petition

A 1775 appeal sent to King George III as a last attempt at peace, which was ultimately ignored by the king.

Battle of Saratoga

A Patriot victory that helped secure foreign support from the French through Benjamin Franklin’s negotiations.

Republican Motherhood

The principle that women were responsible for educating the next generation of citizens, leading to expanded access to education for women.

A Vindication of the Rights of Women

A work by Mary Wollstonecraft reflecting the spread of revolutionary ideals regarding gender.

Articles of Confederation

The first framework for the U.S. government, which featured a weak central government with no power to tax, regulate trade, or raise an army.

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

A law that established a process for statehood, banned slavery in the Northwest Territory, and set aside land for schools.

Shays’ Rebellion (1786)

An uprising that demonstrated the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to maintain order.

Federalism

A key constitutional principle where power is shared between the national and state governments.

Great Compromise

The agreement to create a bicameral Congress with the House based on population and the Senate providing equal representation with 2 senators per state.

Three-Fifths Compromise

An agreement to count enslaved people as $\frac{3}{5}$ for the purpose of determining population in the House of Representatives.

Federalist Papers

A series of essays written by Hamilton and Madison to garner support for a strong central government and the ratification of the Constitution.

Judiciary Act

Legislation that established district courts, courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court.

Farewell Address

George Washington’s final message as president, in which he warned against political parties and entangling alliances.

Democratic-Republicans

A political party that preferred a weaker, less active central government, favored agriculture, and was pro-France.

Whiskey Rebellion

An uprising by farmers against a tax on whiskey, which was suppressed by George Washington.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws passed by John Adams to silence dissent through heightened fears of foreign influence.

Kentucky Resolutions

A response to the Alien and Sedition Acts declaring that states had the power to declare federal laws null and void.

Treaty of Greenville (1795)

An agreement that opened the Ohio country to settlement after conflicts with Indigenous groups.

Jay’s Treaty

A treaty that ended British occupation in the West but failed to address the British impressment of U.S. citizens.

Pinckney Treaty

An agreement with Spain that settled disputes and opened the Mississippi River and New Orleans for shipping.

XYZ Affair

An incident involving French agents attempting to bribe American diplomats, which led to an undeclared naval war.