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Chapter 5: Biological Aspects of Personality
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1
Evolutionary Psychology
Theoretical framework suggesting natural selection has led to certain genetically-based characteristics affecting personality and social behavior.
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2
Natural selection
Process where certain characteristics increase the reproductive success of an organism, leading to greater survival of the species.
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3
Heritability
A measure of the proportion of variability in a trait within a population that is associated with genetic variability.
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4
Temperament
Stable individual differences in emotional reactivity, typically apparent early in life, influenced by nervous system responses.
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5
Eysenck’s CNS Model of Temperament
Proposes that differences in central nervous system activity account for levels of introversion and extraversion in individuals.
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6
Behavioral Activation System (BAS)
A system that regulates a person’s response to rewards and pleasurable stimuli.
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7
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)
A system that orients a person to novel situations, responding to punishing or aversive stimuli.
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8
Cloninger’s Tridimensional Model
A model proposing three biologically-based personality traits tied to specific neurotransmitter functions in the CNS.
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9
Novelty Seeking
A tendency to become excited by novel stimuli and explore the environment, related to dopamine activity.
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10
Harm Avoidance
Tendency to worry and feel tense, related to aversive stimuli and punishment signals, positively associated with serotonin.
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11
Reward Dependence
A behavioral maintenance system characterized by persistence in actions that produce rewards, inversely related to norepinephrine.
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