Dental Terminology Dofka Ch. 3 Tooth Origin

deciduous

another term for primary teeth

dentition

tooth arrangement

succedaneous

another term for permanent teeth

exfoliate

to shed teeth

mixed dentition

both primary and permanent teeth present

odontogenesis

tooth formation and origin

initiation

first stage of tooth development, bud stage

dental lamina

at 5-6 wks in utero, membrane band containing organs of future teeth develop

epithelium

tissue lining or layer

proliferation

second stage of development, fourth to 5th month in utero, includes bud and early cap stages

dental papilla

makes up inner structures of the tooth (dentin and pulp)

dental sac

derived from mesoderm, gives rise to cementum and periodontal ligaments

differentiation

causes change in tooth bud shape and makeup (includes histodifferentiation & morphodifferentiation)

histodifferentiation

third stage of development, branch into different tissues

morphodifferentiation

change into other shapes

odontoblasts

cells to form dentin, the bulk of the tooth

amelobloasts

enamel forming cells

cementoblasts

cementum forming cells

fibroblasts

cells that form periodontal ligament

osteoblasts

bone forming cells, help alveolar bone and alveolar plate grow

apposition

4th stage of tooth development, mineral salts and organic matter set down for tissues and tooth formation

calcification

5th stage of tooth development, hardening and setting of tissues

eruption

6th stage of tooth development, teeth move into oral cavity

attrition

final stage of development, wearing away of tooth structures through mastication and speech

resorption

removal of hard tooth surface, as in degeneration of deciduous teeth

odontoclasts

cells that bring about absorption of primary tooth roots

cementoclasts

cells that destroy tooth cementum

osteoclasts

cells that destroy or cause or cause absorption of bone tissue

anomaly

not normal

anodontia

partial or total lack of teeth

dens in dente

tooth enfolding on itself to form a small cavity that holds a hard structure or mass, most commonly found on lingual surface of maxiallry laterals

dentinogenseis imperfecta

genetic disordered characterized by weakened or gray colored teeth resulting from poor formation

enamel hypoplasia

lack of enamel covering

fluorosis

mottled enamel from overfluoridation

germination

single tooth germ separating to form two crowns on a single root

Hutchinsonian incisors

saw like incisal edges of maxillary incisors, caused by maternal syphilis during tooth formation

hypocalcification

lack of hardening of tooth tissue, resulting in weak, susceptible teeth

macrodontia

abnormally large teeth

microdontia

unusually small teeth

peg-shaped teeth

a condition of small rounded teeth that usuallyy occur in maxillary lateral incisors

supernumerary

more than the normal amount of teeth

enamel

hard tooth covering that is 96% inorganic and has a variety of unique structures and characteristics

cuticle

aka Nasmyth's membrane, tissue layer covering tooth surfaces that wears away soon after eruption

stripes of Retzius

lines in enamel, aka striae of Retzius

lamellae

developmental cracks or imperfections in enamel tissue extending toward or into the dentin

tuft

irregular grouping of under calcified enamel

spindles

end areas of union for odontotblasts and enamel rod endings

rods

slightly curved, prism like structures that extend from dentinoenamel junction to the outer surface, packed with organic matrix material to give smooth hard surface

dentin

main tissue of tooth surrounding the pulp, less inorganic (70%), slightly yellow-brown, gives bulk to tooth, present in crown and root

tubules

aka Tome's dentinal tubules, s-shaped tubes or channels extending from dentinoenamel junction to pulp chamber, transmit pain stimuli and nutrition throughout the tissues

fibers

aka Tome's dentinal fibril, fibers laying within tubule that help nourish and register sensation

primary dentin

original dentin in newly formed tooth

secondary dentin

occurs during development and maturation of tooth

tertiary dentin

aka irregular secondary dentin or reparative dentin, in response to irritation, decay, trauma, or attrition

pulp

found in center of tooth, vascular soft tissue, nourishes tooth, registration of pain/sensation defense, dentin protection, most organic tooth tissue

pulp chamber

portion in the crown

pulp canal

located in the root section

pulp horns

pointed edges extending toward the chewing surfaces

pulpitis

pulp inflammation,

pulp stone

aka denticle, small growth in a tooth in the pulp stone

pulp cyst

fluid filled sac within the pulp chamber

granuloma

growth or tumor found in the root area

cementum

tissue covering of root of tooth, 55% inorganic, rough texture, meets enamel at CEJ located at the neck of the tooth

primary cementum

original cementum that does not contain bone type cells and uniform in surface and texture, aka acellular cementum

secondary dentin

contains bone type cells, forms on the lower root surface as a result stimulation, attrition, and wear, aka cellular cementum

lacuna

tiny cavities that may contain cementocytes (irregular cementum forming cells)

canaliculi

small channels or canals

hypercementosis

overgrowth of cementum tissue, an anomaly resulting in thickening of cementum, occurs as result of constant stress or occlusal trauma

periodontium

tissues of the teeth

periodontal membrane

fibers that anchor the tooth in the alveolar socket

alveolar bone

bony sockets or crypts for teeth placement in the jaw bones, gives support to the teeth

gingiva

mucous tissue surrounding teeth

periodontal membranes

aka periodontal ligaments, made up of connective tissues

alveolar crest fibers

found at CEJ, help retain tooth and proved protection for deeper fibers

horizontal fibers

connect alveolar bone to upper part of root, controls lateral ligament

oblique fibers

attach alveolar socket to majority of root cementum and assist in resist in axial forces

apical fiber bundles

running from apex of tooth to alveolar bone, helps prevent tipping and dislocation

interradicular fibers

present in multiroot teeth, extending apically from tooth furcation, resists in tipping, turning and dislocation

alveolar bone

aka alveolar process, composed of alveolar socket, and bone plate (cribiform)

cribiform plate

lining of the alveolar sockets

lamina dura

dense outer covering of bone

gingiva

aka gum tissue, protects teeth and underlying tissues

attached gingiva

portion that is firm, dense, stippled, bound to underlying periosteum

keratinized gingiva

aka masticatory mucosa, area where gingiva and mucous membrane unite, indicated by color changes from pink gingiva to red mucosa

mucogingival border

junction where keratinzed gingiva (pink) meets with mucosa tissue (red)

marginal gingiva

portion that is unattached to underlying tissues, helps for sides of gingival crevice

papillary gingiva

part of marginal gingiva that occupies interproximal spaces, aka interdental papilla

Sharpey's fibers

fibers that extend between rough cementum surface and alveolar wall, helps anchor the tooth

crown

top part of the tooth containing pulp chamber, dentin and enamel covering,

anatomical crown

covered with enamel, may not be totally visible

clinical crown

surface visible in oral cavity, can even include root structure in cases of recession

root

bottom part of tooth, may be single, bi- or tri-furcated

cervical line

place where enamel meets cementum aka CEJ or cervix (neck)of the tooth

apex

tip of root

contact area

surface point where two teeth meet side by side

diastema

open area between teeth, no contact

embrasure

v-shaped area between contact point of two teeth and gingival crest

proximal surface

side wall of tooth

axial surfaces

long length surface of tooth

line angle

meeting of three surfaces on a tooth