Endocrine system Lab exam

1

Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)

What hormones are secreted by adenohypophysis?

TSH(thyrotropin), GH, ACTH (corticotrophin), FSH, LH (gonadotropins), prolactin

Tropic Hormones

Regulate other endocrine glands

TSH

Metabolism

GH

Growth and metabolism

ACTH

Stress hormone (cortisol)

FSH

Egg/sperm production

LH

Ovulation/testosterone

Prolactin

Milk production

2

Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary )

What hormone are stored and released in the neurohypophysis?

ADH, Oxytocin

Where are the hormones actually synthesized (neurohypophysis posterior pituitary)

In the hypothalamus, the posterior pituitary only releases and stores

What effect does oxytocin have on the body

Contraction for the uterus and mammary milk glands

What effect does ADH have on the body?

Decreases urine production, constrict arteries to raise blood pressure

2

Parafollicular cell

3

Thyroid gland

What do follicular cells secrete

T3 and T4

What is the function of T3 and T4

Metabolism energy levels growth and development and body temp

What is the colloid

substance found in thyroid follicles, storage site until the body needs them, thyroglobin

What do parafollicular cells secrete

Aka C cell but it secretes calcitonin

What is the function of parafollicular cell hormone calcitonin

Regulate calcitonin levels in the blood, inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts and promotes activity of osteoblasts

How is the secretory activity of the thyroid gland regulated

Releases thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH), this stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release t3 and T4

1

Parathyroid

2

Chief cell

3

Oxyphil cells

What do chief cells secrete

Secrete PTH

What is the function of chief cell hormone: PTH

regulates calcium levels in the blood

How is the parathyroid gland regulated

By calcium levels in the blood, when blood calcium is low it releases more parathyroid hormone into the blood, feedback system

1

Pancreas

2

Langerhan islets

3

Capillaries

What hormones do the islet cells secrete

Insulin (beta cells)

Glucagon (alpha cells)

What are the functions of islet cell hormone:

Glucagon will raise blood sugar and insulin lowers blood sugar

1

Adrenal cortex

3

Zona glomerulosa

4

Zona fasciculata

5

Zona reticularis

What do Zona glomerulosa cells secrete

Mineralcorticoids

What is the function of Zona glomerulosa hormones: aldosterone

Increases sodium reabsorption in cells

Promotes potassium excretion

regulates BP AND blood volume

How are the glomerulosa cells regulated

Aldosterone helps retain NA and water and excretion of K and raise blood pressure

What do the cells Zona fasciculata secrete

Glucocorticoids, cortisol being the main hormone

What is the function of the hormones of the zona fasciculata: cortisol

Regulate metabolism increasing glucose production, reduce inflammation, help body respond to stress

How are the Zona fasciculata cells regulated

ACTH released by pituitary gland, increase production of cortisol, negative feedback loop

What do the Zona reticularis cells secrete

Androgens, which are male set hormones: DHEA AND ANDROSTENEDIONE.

What is the function of the hormones in Zona reticularis: androgens

Contribute to secondary characteristics, libido, muscle mass

How are the cells in Zona reticularis regulated

ACTH, stimulates production of androgens

1

Adrenal medulla

2

Chromaffin cells

What do the cells in the adrenal medulla secrete

Catecholamines: epinephrine,norepinephrine, little dopamine

What are the functions of the hormones in the adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine

Epinephrine: increase heart rate, increases blood glucose

Norepinephrine:strong vasoconstrictor, maintain bp

Dopamine: dilate blood vessels in the kidneys

How are the chromaffin cells regulated

By ANS, sympathetic division, flight or fight, preganglionic Sympathetic neurons release ach at synapses for chromaffin cells