HWH Final Exam

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Difference between a direct democracy and a republic.

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1

Difference between a direct democracy and a republic.

Democratic - all people directly vote on laws Republic - elect representatives

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2

What are natural laws?

laws that use reason and intelligence to discover predictable patterns about the world

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3

Religion of the Hebrews

Judaism

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4

Where did the monotheistic religions originate from in the world?

Southwest Asia

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5

What was the most powerful institution in medieval Europe?

Roman Catholic Church

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6

Which 1215 document gave the nobility rights and protection from the kings?

Magna Carta

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7

Where does power come from under the divine right of kings?

God

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8

Who wrote Leviathan and had a negative view of human nature?

Thomas Hobbes

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9

Who believed in separation of powers?

Montesquieu

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10

Is democracy difficult or easy?

difficult

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11

How did the Scientific Revolution change the way we view the world?

A new way of thinking about the world by observing and questioning old beliefs

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12

Order of the steps in the Scientific Revolution

  1. begins with a question or problem from observation

  2. form the hypothesis

  3. test the hypothesis with experiments

  4. study it and accept or reject the hypothesis

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13

What movement stressed reason and logic to solve world problems?

Enlightenment

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14

Which city was the center of the Enlightenment?

Paris, France

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15

What is the social contract?

people hand over their rights to a strong leader to ensure order

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16

Where would philosophers meet to discuss their ideas?

Saloons

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17

What were the accomplishments of Fredrick the Great?

granted religious freedom, reduced censorship, improved education, reform justice system, and abolish torture in Prussia

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18

King of England during the American Revolution

King George III

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19

What are checks and balances?

each branch of government checking the actions of the other two branches of the government

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20

Who is the father of empiricism?

Bacon

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21

Revolution that put Enlightenment ideas into practice.

American Revolution

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22

Body called by King Louis in 1789?

Estates General

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23

What did the Bastille symbolize?

tyranny

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24

What occurred near Varennes in 1792?

the Royal Family was caught escaping and forced to go back to Paris

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25

Who ran France during the Reign of Terror?

Maximilien Robspeirre

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26

How did Napolean come to power?

coup d'etat

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27

Which document created peace between France and the Church?

Concordat of 1801

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28

Which battle cost Napoleon his navy in 1805?

Battle of Trafalgar

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29

Who did Napoleon invade for violating the Continental System in 1812?

Russia

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30

What is the period of time between Napoleon’s return and defeat called?

Hundred Days

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31

What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?

peace, stability, collective security, restoration of monarchies

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32

What must a ruler have to rule over their people?

legtimacy

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33

What are the legacies of the Congress of Vienna?

diminishing the power and size of France, increasing power of Britain and Prussia, spread of nationalism, rise of revolutions

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34

Which group of colonists was born in Spain?

peninsulares

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35

Who led independence movements across South America?

Creoles; Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin

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36

Political philosophy that gained control after the Revolutions of 1848

Conservatism

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37

What made Prussia the most likely country to unify Germany?

major German population

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38

What are the factors of production?

land, labor, capital, or entrepreneurship

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39

What is an entrepreneur?

a person who organizes, manages, and takes risks of business

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40

Did the industrial revolution have more positive or negative effects?

both

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41

What professions are part of the middle class?

skilled workers, doctors, lawyers, managers, government officials, businessmen, and wealthy farmers

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42

Cheapest source of labor during the industrial revolution.

children and women

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43

Group that were employed in Lowell Mills

Young, single girls

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44

What is mercantilism?

an economic system focused on exports and accumulating wealth

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45

What makes something right or wrong under utilitarianism?

depends if it produces happiness

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46

Who owns the factors of production under socialism?

public

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47

How will communism be implemented?

urban revolution

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48

What event helped fuel the new age of imperialism?

industrial revolution

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49

Did Africa have a lot or few ethnic and linguistic groups?

a lot

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50

Who traced the Congo River?

Henry Stanley

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51

What increased the drive for imperialism?

new markets and raw materials, belief in European superiority, missionaries and others wanting to civilize Africa, technological superiority, ethnic conflict in Africa

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52

Who led the Berlin Conference?

Otto von Bismark

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53

What parts of Africa remained free from colonial rule?

Ethiopia and Liberia

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54

Who were the Boers?

Dutch settlers who set up farms and took African land in Southern Africa

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55

Where did the British place many Boers?

Union of South Africa

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56

How were later waves of imperialism different 19th century imperialism?

before - imperialism exploration did not penetrate deep into continent or fully control people’s lives 19th - demanded more political, social, and economic control over the colonies

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57

What is economic imperialism?

an independent but less developed country controlled by private business interest rather than government

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58

What is a sphere of influence?

an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

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59

Why did France not allow Africans to rule themselves?

believed that they could not rule themselves

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60

What are the three ethnic groups in Nigeria?

Hausa - Fulani (North), Yoruba (Southwest), Igbo (Southeast)

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61

Which nation repelled Italian invasion?

Ethiopia

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62

Who was the emperor of Ethiopia in the 1800s?

Menelik II

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63

How many were killed during the Maji Maji Rebellion?

75,000 Africans

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64

What best describes the effect that imperialism had on Africa?

mostly negative

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65

What were the positive effects of African imperalism?

reduced local warfare, improved sanitation, hospitals, and schools, improved lifespan and literacy rates, economic expansion, railroads, dams, and telephone lines

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66

What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire?

Constantinople (Istanbull)

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67

Which nation wanted access to the Black Sea?

Russia

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68

What factors led to the decline of Ottoman Empire?

factions in government, inflation, corruption, nationalism

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69

What discovery increased interest in Ottomans land after 1900?

discovery of oil

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70

What was the result of Crimean War?

Ottomans won but showed the lack of modernization

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71

Which nation was at the center of the Great Game?

Afghanistan

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72

What dynasty tried to modernize Egypt?

Muhammad Ali

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73

What waterway connects the Red and Mediterranean Seas?

Suez Canal

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74

Who were Sepoys?

Indian soldiers of the British East India Company

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75

What was India like before the Sepoy Mutiny?

ruled by Mughal Empire, small states run by princes, and territory controlled by British East India Company

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76

What industry was suppressed by the British in India?

textile industry, domestic industry

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77

What negative impacts did the British have on India?

held most political power and economic power, restricted Indian-owned industry, loss of self sufficiency, famines, racism

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78

What was the outcome of the Sepoy Mutiny?

Britain took direct control; increased distrust

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79

Father of Modern India

Ram Mohun Ray

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80

Two organizations that were advocating for Indian independence.

Indian National Congress and Muslim League

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81

1905 event that divided up an Indian region

Partition of Bengal

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82

Who controlled Indonesia?

Dutch

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83

Who controlled Indochina?

French

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84

Who controlled the Philippines before and after 1898?

before - Spain after - US

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85

What crops were grown in Southeast Asia?

sugar, coffee, coca, rubber, coconuts, bananas, pinnapples

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86

What place did the Britain use as a trading post?

island of Singapore at the tip of Malay Peninsula

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87

How was Indochina ruled?

direct colonial management; French appointed all government officials and shifted local industries towards exporting rice production

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88

What was the focus of Southeast Asian economy?

cash crops and plantations

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89

What nation was able to remain independent in Southeast Asia?

Siam

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90

Last nation to form imperial empire

US

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91

What territories did the US gain after the Spanish American War?

Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

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92

What territory did US annex 1898?

Hawaii

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93

Who wanted to overthrow the Hawaiian monarchy?

US businessmen

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94

Who is your favorite teacher?

Mr. Bloxham

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95

What type of government did Rome give us?

Republic

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96

Which group was beneficiary of the Magna Carta?

nobility

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97

How did Napoleon rise to prominence?

protecting the national convention

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98

What period of time was France ruled by Jacobins?

Reign of Terror

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99

Where was Napoleon defeated in 1815?

waterloo

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100

What are the two social classes under socialism?

Proletariat and bourgeoisie

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