HWH Final Exam

Difference between a direct democracy and a republic.

Democratic - all people directly vote on laws Republic - elect representatives

What are natural laws?

laws that use reason and intelligence to discover predictable patterns about the world

Religion of the Hebrews

Judaism

Where did the monotheistic religions originate from in the world?

Southwest Asia

What was the most powerful institution in medieval Europe?

Roman Catholic Church

Which 1215 document gave the nobility rights and protection from the kings?

Magna Carta

Where does power come from under the divine right of kings?

God

Who wrote Leviathan and had a negative view of human nature?

Thomas Hobbes

Who believed in separation of powers?

Montesquieu

Is democracy difficult or easy?

difficult

How did the Scientific Revolution change the way we view the world?

A new way of thinking about the world by observing and questioning old beliefs

Order of the steps in the Scientific Revolution

1. begins with a question or problem from observation
2. form the hypothesis
3. test the hypothesis with experiments
4. study it and accept or reject the hypothesis

What movement stressed reason and logic to solve world problems?

Enlightenment

Which city was the center of the Enlightenment?

Paris, France

What is the social contract?

people hand over their rights to a strong leader to ensure order

Where would philosophers meet to discuss their ideas?

Saloons

What were the accomplishments of Fredrick the Great?

granted religious freedom, reduced censorship, improved education, reform justice system, and abolish torture in Prussia

King of England during the American Revolution

King George III

What are checks and balances?

each branch of government checking the actions of the other two branches of the government

Who is the father of empiricism?

Bacon

Revolution that put Enlightenment ideas into practice.

American Revolution

Body called by King Louis in 1789?

Estates General

What did the Bastille symbolize?

tyranny

What occurred near Varennes in 1792?

the Royal Family was caught escaping and forced to go back to Paris

Who ran France during the Reign of Terror?

Maximilien Robspeirre

How did Napolean come to power?

coup d'etat

Which document created peace between France and the Church?

Concordat of 1801

Which battle cost Napoleon his navy in 1805?

Battle of Trafalgar

Who did Napoleon invade for violating the Continental System in 1812?

Russia

What is the period of time between Napoleon’s return and defeat called?

Hundred Days

What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?

peace, stability, collective security, restoration of monarchies

What must a ruler have to rule over their people?

legtimacy

What are the legacies of the Congress of Vienna?

diminishing the power and size of France, increasing power of Britain and Prussia, spread of nationalism, rise of revolutions

Which group of colonists was born in Spain?

peninsulares

Who led independence movements across South America?

Creoles; Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin

Political philosophy that gained control after the Revolutions of 1848

Conservatism

What made Prussia the most likely country to unify Germany?

major German population

What are the factors of production?

land, labor, capital, or entrepreneurship

What is an entrepreneur?

a person who organizes, manages, and takes risks of business

Did the industrial revolution have more positive or negative effects?

both

What professions are part of the middle class?

skilled workers, doctors, lawyers, managers, government officials, businessmen, and wealthy farmers

Cheapest source of labor during the industrial revolution.

children and women

Group that were employed in Lowell Mills

Young, single girls

What is mercantilism?

an economic system focused on exports and accumulating wealth

What makes something right or wrong under utilitarianism?

depends if it produces happiness

Who owns the factors of production under socialism?

public

How will communism be implemented?

urban revolution

What event helped fuel the new age of imperialism?

industrial revolution

Did Africa have a lot or few ethnic and linguistic groups?

a lot

Who traced the Congo River?

Henry Stanley

What increased the drive for imperialism?

new markets and raw materials, belief in European superiority, missionaries and others wanting to civilize Africa, technological superiority, ethnic conflict in Africa

Who led the Berlin Conference?

Otto von Bismark

What parts of Africa remained free from colonial rule?

Ethiopia and Liberia

Who were the Boers?

Dutch settlers who set up farms and took African land in Southern Africa

Where did the British place many Boers?

Union of South Africa

How were later waves of imperialism different 19th century imperialism?

before - imperialism exploration did not penetrate deep into continent or fully control people’s lives 19th - demanded more political, social, and economic control over the colonies

What is economic imperialism?

an independent but less developed country controlled by private business interest rather than government

What is a sphere of influence?

an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

Why did France not allow Africans to rule themselves?

believed that they could not rule themselves

What are the three ethnic groups in Nigeria?

Hausa - Fulani (North), Yoruba (Southwest), Igbo (Southeast)

Which nation repelled Italian invasion?

Ethiopia

Who was the emperor of Ethiopia in the 1800s?

Menelik II

How many were killed during the Maji Maji Rebellion?

75,000 Africans

What best describes the effect that imperialism had on Africa?

mostly negative

What were the positive effects of African imperalism?

reduced local warfare, improved sanitation, hospitals, and schools, improved lifespan and literacy rates, economic expansion, railroads, dams, and telephone lines

What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire?

Constantinople (Istanbull)

Which nation wanted access to the Black Sea?

Russia

What factors led to the decline of Ottoman Empire?

factions in government, inflation, corruption, nationalism

What discovery increased interest in Ottomans land after 1900?

discovery of oil

What was the result of Crimean War?

Ottomans won but showed the lack of modernization

Which nation was at the center of the Great Game?

Afghanistan

What dynasty tried to modernize Egypt?

Muhammad Ali

What waterway connects the Red and Mediterranean Seas?

Suez Canal

Who were Sepoys?

Indian soldiers of the British East India Company

What was India like before the Sepoy Mutiny?

ruled by Mughal Empire, small states run by princes, and territory controlled by British East India Company

What industry was suppressed by the British in India?

textile industry, domestic industry

What negative impacts did the British have on India?

held most political power and economic power, restricted Indian-owned industry, loss of self sufficiency, famines, racism

What was the outcome of the Sepoy Mutiny?

Britain took direct control; increased distrust

Father of Modern India

Ram Mohun Ray

Two organizations that were advocating for Indian independence.

Indian National Congress and Muslim League

1905 event that divided up an Indian region

Partition of Bengal

Who controlled Indonesia?

Dutch

Who controlled Indochina?

French

Who controlled the Philippines before and after 1898?

before - Spain after - US

What crops were grown in Southeast Asia?

sugar, coffee, coca, rubber, coconuts, bananas, pinnapples

What place did the Britain use as a trading post?

island of Singapore at the tip of Malay Peninsula

How was Indochina ruled?

direct colonial management; French appointed all government officials and shifted local industries towards exporting rice production

What was the focus of Southeast Asian economy?

cash crops and plantations

What nation was able to remain independent in Southeast Asia?

Siam

Last nation to form imperial empire

US

What territories did the US gain after the Spanish American War?

Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

What territory did US annex 1898?

Hawaii

Who wanted to overthrow the Hawaiian monarchy?

US businessmen

Who is your favorite teacher?

Mr. Bloxham

What type of government did Rome give us?

Republic

Which group was beneficiary of the Magna Carta?

nobility

How did Napoleon rise to prominence?

protecting the national convention

What period of time was France ruled by Jacobins?

Reign of Terror

Where was Napoleon defeated in 1815?

waterloo

What are the two social classes under socialism?

Proletariat and bourgeoisie