Etiology

Cariology DMD3

Is dental caries chronic or acute disease?

Chronic

Dental caries has imbalance or balance oral flora (biofilm)?

Imbalance biofilm

Why is the oral flora imbalanced?

Because of the presence of fermentable dietary carbohydrates.

dental caries is a result of the interaction of?

cariogenic oral flora (biofilm) with

fermentable dietary carbohydrates on the tooth surface (host) over time.

Critical pH level for enamel?

5.5

Critical pH level for dentin?

6.2

low pH drives the calcium and phosphate

from tooth to?

To biofilm

True or false? Restorative treatment cures the caries process.

False, restorative treatment does not cure the caries process.

What is the primary focus for caries?

identifying and managing the risk factors

dental biofilm composed mostly of?

bacteria, their by-products, extracellular matrix, and water

Is biofilm adherent to food debris?

No it is not adherent to food debris

Is biofilm a haphazard collection of microorganisms?

-not a haphazard collection of microorganisms

Actinomyces is located?

at the base of the pellicle

What are the filaments with Streptococcus at periphery?

mass of Corynebacterium

Professional tooth cleaning intends to?

to control biofilm, prevent caries and periodontal disease

AEP stands for?

Acquired enamel pellicle

What is AEP?

Cell-free organic film that forms on tooth surfaces when exposed to the oral environment

How long does it take for AEP to form?

2hrs

What are the functions of pellicle?

1. protect the enamel

2. reduce friction between teeth

3. provide a matrix for remineralization

What tooth habitats will become

favorable for harboring pathogenic biofilm?

1. pits and fissures

2. smooth enamel surface near cervical line

3. root surface near cervical line

4. subgingival areas

What are pits and fissures dominated by?

by S. sanguis and other streptococci

What strategy to apply for pits and fissures?

to seal pits and fissures just after tooth eruption

initial lesions develop on the ?

lateral walls

demineralization follows?

enamel rods

initial cavitation cannot be seen because of?

Remineralization

All interproximal surfaces are subject to?

biofilm accumulation and acid demineralization

In patients

exposed to fluoridated water, most interproximal lesions become?

arrested at a stage before cavitation

Root surface near CEJ common in which patients?

common in older patients

Why in older patients?

because of decreased salivary flow, poor oral hygiene because of

lowered dexterity, decreased motivation

Root caries are alarming because:

1. rapid progression

2. often asymptomatic

3. closer to the pulp

4. more difficult to restore

What is oral hygiene?

Proper tooth brushing and flossing

Saliva is a key role as?

a natural anticaries agent

What is the term for dry mouth after head and neck radiation

xerostomia

What are the salivary protective mechanisms?

1. bacterial clearance

2. direct antibacterial activity

3. buffer capacity

4. remineralization

What does bacterial clearance do?

lubricates oral tissues and bathes teeth and the biofilm

How much do adults secrete in a day?

1-1.5L a day

Bacterial clearance happens very little in sleep or when awake?

In sleep

Flushing effect happens during?

during mastication or oral stimulation

Bacterial clearance can ?

dilute and buffer biofilm acids

What do lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin, agglutinins possess?

antibacterial activity

Does direct antibacterial activity have much effect on dental caries?

No, it has little effect on dental caries

If you have decreased salivary production what is your caries susceptibility?

high caries susceptibility

Buffer capacity is determined primarily by?

by the concentration of the bicarbonate ion

buffer capacity is?

the ability of a solution, typically a buffer solution, to resist changes in pH when a strong acid or base is added.

to reduce the potential for acid formation

Urea and sialin increases or decreases biofilm pH?

increases biofilm pH

salivary testing is done on patients with?

hyposalivation

signs of hyposalivation?

lack of saliva pool on floor of the mouth, gingivitis, mucositis, cheilitis, glossodynia

symptoms of hyposalivation

xerostomia, bad breath, change of taste, difficulty chewing, speaking

component of saliva that stabilizes calcium and phosphate ions, prevents excessive deposition of the ions on the teeth

statherin

sucrose allows?

the formation of extracellular polysaccharides, which render the biofilm viscous and sticky

What is Stephan’s curve agreed pH ___ as the threshold for enamel demineralization?

pH 5.5