History of Tourism and Hospitality Industry

These flashcards cover the historical evolution of the tourism and hospitality industry, key pioneers, early Philippine travel history, and factors influencing industry growth.

Colorum

Illegal tour handling and the illegal use of private vehicles for public use; common in the early stages of Philippine tourism.

Galleon Trade

A historical period where wooden boats sailed between Mexico and the Philippines, representing a recognizable early form of tourism.

China Clipper and Manila Clipper

Airline pioneers that brought passengers to Manila via Hong Kong in the $1920$'s.

Philippine Tourist and Travel Association (PTTA)

Organized in $1952$, it was the first tourism association in the Philippines created to unify travel establishments.

Board of Travel and Tourist Industry (BTTI)

A government organization created to regulate, supervise, and control the tourist industry while subsidizing the PTTA.

Thermal Baths

Grecian structures designed for recuperation and relaxation, considered the origin of the modern-day Spa.

Caravanserais

Establishments that provided resting destinations for caravans along Middle Eastern routes, offering refuge to travellers.

Post Houses

Accommodations developed by the Persians along caravan routes to provide nourishment to soldiers and couriers; Marco Polo estimated $10,000$ existed.

Hotel de Henry

The first hospitality establishment to be named as a hotel, built around $1788$.

Koshu Nishiyama Hotel

A Japanese hotel over $1300$ years old that is still run by the same family for several generations.

Ordinaries

The specific term used for hospitality establishments formed in the Southern colonies of the New World.

Thanatourism

Also known as 'dark tourism', it refers to a growth in tourism after the world wars that absorbed the darker sides of travel history.

Cesar Ritz

Known as the 'King of Hoteliers and Hoteliers to King' and credited with the phrase 'The customer is always right'.

Conrad Hilton

The 'Master of Hotel Finance' who introduced the $1$-$5$ star rating system and combined hotels with restaurants and casinos.

Ellsworth Milton Statler

Known as 'The Hotel Man of the Half Century' who established the science of inn-keeping.

Howard Deering Johnson

The pioneer of brand leveraging who introduced the franchising business model to the restaurant industry.

Isadore Sharp

Founder of Four Seasons Hotels who introduced amenities such as complimentary shampoo and $24$-hour room service.

Ray Kroc

Entrepreneur known for expanding McDonald's and founding McDonald's System Inc. in $1955$.

Thomas Cook

Recognized as the first professional travel agent; he developed hotel coupons and circular notes.

Ruth Fertel

The founder of Ruth's Chris Steak House who granted her first franchise in $1977$.

William Marriott

Founder of Marriott Corporation whose philosophy was 'Take care of your people and they will take care of your business'.

Access

A factor of growth referring to natural infrastructure like roads, trains, and buses that makes a place reachable for tourists.

Accommodation

A growth factor involving the provision of a range of beds and lodging types to retain visitors and encourage longer stays.