hlth 354 ch 9

cardiovascular system

valvul/o

valve

atri/o

atrium, upper heart chamber

sept/o

septum, septa

ventricul/o

ventricle, lower heart chamber

cardi/o, coron/o

heart

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

arteri/o

artery

ather/o

fatty plaque

phleb/o, ven/o

vein

angina pectoris

oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

arrhythmia

irregular heartbeat → more common

palpitation

rapid or irregular beating of the heart

pectoralgia

chest pain

aortalgia

pain in the aorta

diaphoresis

profuse sweating

hemorrhage

loss of blood

phlebalgia

pain in a vein

endocardium

tissue lining the inside of the heart

epicardium

tissue lining the outside of the heart

myocardium

heart muscle tissue

pericardium

tissue around the heart

bradycardia

slow heartbeat

cardiomegaly

enlarged heart

cardiotoxic

poisonous to the heart

cyanosis

a bluish appearance to the skin → sign that tissue isn’t receiving enough oxygen

murmur

abnormal heart sound

tachycardia

rapid heartbeat

vena cava

large diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart

inferior vena cava

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body

superior vena cava

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)

angiogenesis

development of blood vessels

angiolith

stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel

angiopoiesis

formation of blood vessels

angiosclerosis

hardening of a blood vessel

aortectasia

dilation of the aorta

aortic stenosis

narrowing of the aorta

aortolith

stone deposit in the wall of the aorta

arteriolith

stone in the artery

arteriorrhexis

rupture of an artery

arteriosclerosis

hardening of an artery

atherogenesis

formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery

embolus

mass of matter present in the blood

atherosclerosis

hardening of an artery due to build up of fatty plaque

embolism

blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

ischemia

blockage of blood flow to an organ

occlusion

closing or blockage of a passage

phlebosclerosis

hardening of a vein

thrombus

• blood clot

• difference between a thrombus and embolus

  • thrombus: clot of blood and is stationary

    • when thrombus breaks off, becomes thromboembolus

  • embolus: foreign material and is in motion

varicose veins

an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin

vasospasm

involuntary contraction of a blood vessel

venosclerosis

hardening of a vein

venospasm

involuntary contraction of a vein

venostasis

trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression

angiogram

record of the blood vessels

angiography

procedure to describe the blood vessels

aortogram

record of the aorta

arteriogram

record of an artery

venogram

record of a vein

angioscope

device for looking into a blood vessel

echocardiogram

image of the heart produced using sound waves → same procedure for ultrasounds

echocardiograph

use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart → same procedure for ultrasounds

electrocardiogram

record of the electrical currents of the heart

electrocardiography

procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart

sonography

use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images → ultrasound

stress electrocardiogram

records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress

transesophageal echocardiogram

record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus

vascular endoscopy

procedure to look inside a blood vessel

blood pressure

the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

diastolic pressure

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed

systolic pressure

pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting

cardiologist

heart specialist

cardiology

branch of medicine dealing with the heart

cardiovascular

pertaining to the heart and blood vessel

circulation

moving of blood from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart

coronary circulation

circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle → heart always feeds itself first

phlebologist

specialist in veins

phlebology

study of veins

phlebotomist

one who draws blood

phlebotomy

incision into a vein → drawing blood

pulmonary circulation

circulation blood between the heart and the lungs to oxygenate it

systemic circulation

circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs

angiocarditis

inflammation of the heart vessels

atrial fibrillation

quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart’s atrium

atrial septal

flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart

cardiac arrest

cessation of functional circulation

cardiomyopathy

disease of the heart muscle

congestive cardiomyopathy

heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood

dilated cardiomyopathy

another term for congestive cardiomyopathy

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow

restrictive cardiomyopathy

heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body

carditis

inflammation of the heart

congenital heart defect

flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth

congestive heart failure

heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself

coronary thrombosis

obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot

endocarditis

inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart

myocardial infarction

death of heart muscle tissue

myocardial ischemia

blockage of blood to the heart muscle

myocarditis

inflammation of the heart muscle

pericardial effusion

fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart