Cuban Revolution and Northern Ireland Troubles

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms, historical figures, and events of the Cuban Revolution and the Northern Ireland Troubles from the lecture notes.

Fulgencio Batista

Cuban president whose second period of power began in 1952 via a military coup, forming a corrupt dictatorship partnered with the US mafia that censored free speech before being overthrown in December 1958.

Moncada Barracks

The site of the first rebellion attack on July 26, 1953, which led to Fidel Castro's imprisonment and subsequent exile to Mexico.

Granma

The boat boarded by Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, and their guerrilla army to invade Cuba from Mexico.

Institute of Agrarian Reform (INRA)

An agency created following the May 17, 1959 Agrarian Land Reform that limited farm ownership to 1,000 acres and constructed roads, housing, and schools in Cuba.

Bay of Pigs

A 1961 CIA-equipped invasion attempt by Cuban exiles who wrongly assumed the Cuban air force was neutralized, resulting in 1,180 captured prisoners.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 1962 confrontation involving a total US blockade of Cuba that ended when Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles in exchange for a US promise not to invade Cuba and to remove US missiles from Turkey.

Platt Amendment

A 1901–1934 agreement that granted the United States large control in Cuba and established a naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

26th of July Movement

Fidel Castro's revolutionary movement that utilized the thick jungle and terrain of the Sierra Maestra to conduct guerrilla warfare against Batista's forces.

Home Rule

A 19th and 20th-century movement focused on establishing an Irish parliament in Ireland, supported by Catholics and opposed by Northern Irish Protestants in Ulster.

Easter Rising

A 1916 protest launched by Irish Republicans against British rule that resulted in 2,000 casualties, 15 executions of leaders, 3,000 arrests, and 1,800 imprisonments without trial.

Irish Free State

The state established in 1922 following the 1919–1921 Irish War of Independence, comprising 26 southern and western counties after 6 northern counties opted out.

Gerrymandering

The deliberate manipulation of electoral boundaries, utilized in Northern Ireland to alter representation.

Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA)

An organization formed to protest inequality and civil rights issues, including discrimination in employment, housing, and voting rights.

Battle of Bogside

A 1969 conflict in Northern Ireland that occurred during an Apprentice Boys parade, triggered by civil rights issues surrounding housing, employment, and voting.

Bloody Sunday

A 1972 incident where British troops killed 13 unarmed protesters (with another dying later), escalating violence during The Troubles.

Bloody Friday

An IRA bombing campaign involving 22 bombs that killed and injured over 100 people.

Bobby Sands

A Provisional IRA member (1954–1981) who led the Maze Prison hunger strike, was elected to Parliament while imprisoned, and died during the strike.

Anglo-Irish Agreement

A 1985 agreement signed by Margaret Thatcher and Irish PM Fitzgerald that established the Anglo-Irish Intergovernmental Conference as an advisory board.

Downing Street Declaration

A joint declaration issued under UK PM John Major affirming that Britain was not part of Ireland, paving the way for peace talks.

Good Friday Agreement

A 1998 peace agreement ending The Troubles, approved by 94% of voters in the Republic of Ireland, 71% in Northern Ireland, and 81% overall.