Exam 2 vocab from Dockswell on the review D2L | Quizlet

What does "Impress" mean?

The act of forcibly recruiting men into military service, especially used by the British Navy against American sailors before the War of 1812.

What was the Hartford Convention?

A meeting of New England Federalists (1814-1815) who opposed the War of 1812 and discussed potential secession from the Union.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

An 1820 agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining balance in Congress and banning slavery north of the 36°30′ line.

What does "Bicameral" mean?

A legislature consisting of two chambers or houses, such as the U.S. Congress (Senate and House of Representatives).

Who were the Estelusti?

African Americans who lived among and fought with the Seminole people in Florida, often referred to as Black Seminoles.

What was the Adams-Onís Treaty?

The 1819 agreement in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States and set the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.

What was the Era of Good Feelings?

A period during James Monroe's presidency marked by national unity and the decline of political party conflict.

What does "Delope" mean?

In a duel, to intentionally throw away one's shot as a gesture of honor or mercy.

What was the 2nd Bank of the United States?

A national bank chartered in 1816 to stabilize the economy after the War of 1812 and manage federal funds.

What was the Corrupt Bargain?

The alleged deal during the 1824 election when John Quincy Adams won the presidency after Henry Clay's support in exchange for becoming Secretary of State.

What does "Cooping" mean?

A form of voter fraud in which people were kidnapped, disguised, and forced to vote multiple times for a candidate.

What is Republicanism?

A political philosophy emphasizing civic virtue, popular sovereignty, and opposition to monarchy and corruption.

What were the Articles of Confederation?

The first constitution of the United States (1781-1789) that created a weak central government with limited powers.

What was the Treaty of Paris (1783)?

The treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized U.S. independence from Britain.

What was the Northwest Ordinance?

A 1787 law establishing how new territories could become states and banning slavery in the Northwest Territory.

What was Shays's Rebellion?

A 1786-1787 uprising of Massachusetts farmers protesting economic injustices and high taxes, showing the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

What was the Philadelphia Convention?

The 1787 meeting where delegates drafted the U.S. Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation.

What was the 3/5 Compromise?

An agreement that counted enslaved people as three-fifths of a person for taxation and representation in Congress.

Who were Maroons?

Escaped enslaved people who formed independent communities in remote areas, especially in Florida and the Caribbean.

What is the Bill of Rights?

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing individual freedoms such as speech, religion, and due process.

What is the 10th Amendment?

It reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people.

What is Federalism?

A system of government in which power is divided between a national government and regional (state) governments.

What was the Democratic-Republican Party Platform?

It favored states' rights, limited government, agrarian interests, and support for France.

What was the Federalist Party Platform?

It supported a strong central government, a national bank, commercial interests, and good relations with Britain.

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

The 1803 U.S. purchase of French territory doubling the nation's size and expanding westward.

What are Political Party Systems?

Periods in U.S. history defined by the rise, fall, and competition of major political parties.

What were the First and Second Political Party Systems?

The First (1790s-1820s) was Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans; the Second (1828-1850s) was Democrats vs. Whigs.

What was the American System?

Henry Clay's economic plan promoting tariffs, internal improvements, and a national bank to strengthen the economy.

What was the Antebellum Era?

The period in U.S. history before the Civil War (roughly 1820-1860), marked by slavery, reform movements, and sectional tensions.

What was the 12th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

It changed the presidential election process by requiring separate votes for president and vice president.

What were the 1st and 2nd Banks of the United States?

National banks created to manage the country's finances; the first in 1791 and the second in 1816.

What was Jay's Treaty (1794)?

A treaty between the U.S. and Britain resolving remaining issues from the Revolutionary War and promoting trade.

What was the Embargo Act (1807)?

A law passed by Jefferson banning American trade with foreign nations to pressure Britain and France but hurt the U.S. economy.

Who were the War Hawks (1810-1814)?

Young congressmen from the South and West who pushed for war with Britain, leading to the War of 1812.