CPCE/NCE Master Studyguide Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering multicultural counseling, human development, career theories, counseling models, group dynamics, assessment, research, and clinical focus areas for the CPCE and NCE exams.

Frank Parsons

Founder of Professional Counseling; known for vocational guidance and helping transition society from agrarian to industrial.

National Defense Education Act (NDEA, 1958)

Federal legislation that supported training for counselors to identify science and math majors following the launch of Sputnik.

Etic

An outsider’s perspective in multicultural counseling that emphasizes more similarities than differences among groups; anthropological and analytic.

Emic

An insider’s view in multicultural counseling that takes each group’s specific perspective to understand their unique worldview.

Autoplastic adaptation

A process where the client tries to change the Self to fit a new environment or situation.

Alloplastic adaptation

A process where the client tries to change the environment or situation to fit the Self.

Proxemics

The perception and use of personal and interpersonal space.

Kinesics

Body movements including facial expressions, posture, gestures, and eye contact used in communication.

Paralanguage

Vocal cues used to communicate, such as loudness of voice, pauses, silences, rate, and inflections.

Elderspeak

An oversimplified 'baby talk' used with older adults in healthcare settings, often featuring terms of endearment like 'honey' or 'sweetheart'.

Broaching

The awareness and explicit acknowledgement of cross-cultural differences; inviting the client to explore cultural issues.

Familismo

A Hispanic cultural value stressing cooperation among family members and nurturing relationships within a large family network.

Machismo

A Hispanic male sex role expectation emphasizing assertion in authority.

Marianismo

A Hispanic female sex role expectation often involving the inability to act out of feelings of anger.

Fatalismo

A belief often found in Hispanic cultures linked to the Catholic religion regarding fate or destiny.

Assimilation (Piaget)

Integrating new information into a pre-existing schema.

Accommodation (Piaget)

Modifying a pre-existing schema to integrate new information and adjust current understanding.

Object Permanence

The developmental milestone characterized by understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen; developed in the Sensorimotor stage ($0-2$ years old).

Scaffolding

A concept from Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory involving challenging a learner one level up with appropriate help.

Preconventional Level (Kohlberg)

The first level of moral development involving an orientation toward obedience, punishment, and self-interest.

Self-actualization

The top of Maslow's original Hierarchy of Needs, involving achieving one's full potential and creative activities.

Phase of Object Constancy (Mahler)

The final subphase of separation-individuation where the child understands that the mother will always be there and can use thoughts to comfort themselves in her absence.

Super’s Maxicycle

A developmental framework of career stages including Growth, Exploration, Establishment, Maintenance, and Decline.

Holland Hexagon (RIASEC)

A trait and factor model consisting of six types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional.

Circumscription

The process where children eliminate career possibilities that they perceive as unsuitable for their self-concept, such as gender-inappropriate roles.

Compromise (Gottfredson)

The process of selecting career options that are most available in the social environment rather than ideal choices.

Planned Happenstance Theory

A career theory by Krumboltz focusing on finding opportunities in unplanned events and maintaining open-mindedness.

SIGI 3

A comprehensive, interactive, computer-assisted career guidance program designed to assist with career choices.

Introjection

A psychoanalytic defense mechanism where an individual unconsciously absorbs experiences or values into their psyche.

Individual Psychology

The holistic approach created by Alfred Adler, focusing on birth order, family constellation, and social interest.

Logotherapy

An existential therapy developed by Viktor Frankl focusing on finding meaning in suffering.

Unconditional Positive Regard

One of Carl Rogers' core conditions for therapy, involving total acceptance and support of a client without judgment.

Gestalt Cycle of Experience

A process model describing the flow of awareness and action: Sensation, Awareness, Mobilization, Action, Change, and Closure.

Retroflection

A Gestalt defense mechanism where an individual does to themselves what they would like to do to others or vice versa.

Confluence (Gestalt)

A lack of differentiation between the self and others, leading to a loss of touch with personal needs.

Lazarus: MultiModal

A 'Whole Person' approach using the BASIC ID acronym: Affect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal, and drugs/biology.

REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy)

Albert Ellis's theory that uses the ABCDE model (Activating Event, Belief, Consequence, Dispute, Effective belief) to address 'crooked thinking'.

Negative Cognitive Triad

Aaron Beck's concept involving negative views of the self, the world, and the future.

Radical Acceptance

A core skill in DBT involving nonjudgmental observation and acceptance of the current moment.

WDEP

The acronym for Reality Therapy interventions: Wants, Doing, Self-Evaluation, and Plan.

Triangulation

A Bowenian concept where a two-person system draws in a third person to reduce tension and stabilize the relationship.

Enmeshment

A structural family therapy term for diffuse boundaries where family members are over-involved in each other's lives.

Social Microcosm

Yalom’s concept that interpersonal interactions within a group mirror the interpersonal interactions members have in their daily lives.

Johari Window

A model used in groups to understand self-awareness and interpersonal relationships across four quadrants: Open, Blind, Hidden, and Unknown.

Nominal Scale

A scale of measurement used for naming or categorizing data (e.g., gender, hair color).

Ordinal Scale

A scale of measurement that ranks data by magnitude or scale (e.g., 1st, 2nd, 3rd).

Interval Scale

A scale of measurement with equal units of magnitude but no absolute zero (e.g., temperature).

Ratio Scale

The highest scale of measurement, which has equal intervals and an absolute zero (e.g., height, weight).

Standard Deviation

A statistical measure representing the average distance of scores from the mean.

Spiral Test

A test that starts with easy items and progressively gets harder.

Pearson’s r

A correlation coefficient measured on a scale of $-1$ to $1$, where $0$ implies no relationship.

Stanine

Standard $9$s; a standardized scale of scores from $1$ to $9$ with a mean of $5$ and a standard deviation of $2$.

Type I Error

A false positive; rejecting a null hypothesis that is actually true.

Type II Error

A false negative; accepting a null hypothesis that is actually false.

Hawthorne Effect

A phenomenon where research participants perform differently (usually better) simply because they are being observed.

T-test

A statistical test used to compare the means of two groups (one dependent variable, two independent variables).

ANOVA

A statistical method used to compare means when there are three or more independent variables.

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

A Gottman metaphor for communication styles that predict relationship failure: Criticism, Contempt, Defensiveness, and Stonewalling.

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

A condition in children characterized by inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward caregivers, often due to insufficient care.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by extreme food restriction, intense fear of gaining weight, and being significantly underweight.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by over-eating followed by purging, where the individual typically maintains a normal body weight.

Disenfranchised grief

Grief that is not openly acknowledged, socially accepted, or publicly supported by society.

SIMPLESTEPS

An acronym for suicide assessment: Suicidal, Ideation, Method, Perturbation, Loss, Earlier attempts, Substance use, Troubleshooting skills, Emotions/Diagnosis, Protective factors, Stressors.

Echolalia

The repetition of words, phrases, or sounds, which can be associated with ASD or developmental concerns.