7.2 History Flashcards

Corruption in the Senate

The Senate was seen as corrupt and too powerful during the later Roman Republic.

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

Reformers who took land from the Patricians and gave it to the landless poor.

Effect of the Gracchus Reforms

The reforms were intended to stabilize society but instead led to more chaos.

First Triumvirate

A political alliance of three men with equal power: Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar.

Julius Caesar's rise to power

He emerged as the 'winner' of the First Triumvirate and became dictator for life.

Crossing the Rubicon

A phrase meaning passing the point of no return, referring to Julius Caesar’s act of crossing the Rubicon River.

Achievements of Julius Caesar

He was a successful general, gave land to the poor, increased Senate membership, and granted citizenship to provinces.

Murder of Julius Caesar

He was murdered by the Senate due to his accumulation of power.

Second Triumvirate

A political alliance consisting of Octavian, Marc Antony, and Lepidus.

Octavian's victory

Octavian emerged victorious after a civil war against Marc Antony and became Rome's first emperor.

Cleopatra's role in the First Triumvirate

She was an ally and lover of Julius Caesar and had his son, Caesarean.

Cleopatra's role in the Second Triumvirate

She was an ally and lover of Marc Antony, supplying him with ships during his fight against Octavian.

Powers of Augustus

He controlled the empire by restructuring the military, appointing governors, and stabilizing Rome's borders.

Achievements of Augustus

He rebuilt temples, commissioned building projects, and established cities in the Roman style.