Honors World History Flashcards

Flashcards for vocabulary review of World History units.

Cottage Industry

Producing goods on a small-scale in homes.

Industrial Revolution

A period beginning in the 1700s in which production shifted from simple hand tools to complex machinery, and energy sources shifted from human/animal power to steam/electricity.

Agricultural Revolution

A period of significant agricultural development between the mid-17th and 19th centuries.

Seed Drill

Deposited seeds in rows to use land more effectively.

Enclosure Movement

The process of taking over and combining land formerly owned by peasants.

Urbanization

The movement of people from rural areas to cities.

Industrialization

The growth of machine-powered production and manufacturing.

Natural Resources

Useful material found in the environment.

Labor

Workforce

Capital

Money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprise.

Entrepreneurship

Organizing and managing a business.

Bourgeoisie

A new middle class whose members came from a variety of backgrounds.

Tenements

Multistory buildings divided into apartments.

Labor Unions

Organizations of workers who bargained for better pay and working conditions.

Capitalism

Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit.

Socialism

Economic system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate a business.

Communism

A political and economic system in which government owns all property and makes all economic decisions.

Laissez-faire

A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course without interfering; minimal government interference in the economy.

Women's Suffrage

The right for women to vote and to equally participate in political action.

Imperialism

The policy of one's country's political, economic, or cultural domination over other lands and territories.

Nationalism

A feeling of loyalty and devotion to one's nation.

Direct Rule

Reflected the colonial belief that colonial people were incapable of ruling themselves.

Indirect Rule

Differed from direct rule because it did not replace traditional rulers with colonizer officials. Yet, local leaders only had limited power and could not influence government decisions.

Protectorate

Local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors on issues such as trade or missionary activity.

Sphere of Influence

An area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges.

Social Darwinism

The application of Charles Darwin's ideas of natural selection and survival of the fittest to human societies.

Genocide

A deliberate and systematic killing of people who belong to a particular racial, ethnic, or cultural group.

Sepoys

Indian Soldiers

Opium

Highly addictive narcotic found in morphine, fentanyl, and can be manufactured into heroin.

"The most favored nation" Clause

Declared that if China granted rights to another nation, Britain automatically gained those rights as well.

Militarism

The glorification of the military and the focus on defense spending.

Alliances

Formal Agreements between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense.

No Man's Land

The area between opposing trenches where death was very likely.

Total War

Using a nation's entire resources for the war effort.

Appeasement

The policy of giving in to an aggressor's demands in order to keep the peace.

Dictator

A ruler who has complete control over a government.

Democracy

A form of government where citizens hold political power.

Fascism

Any centralized, authoritarian government system that is not communist, whose policies glorify the state over the individual and are destructive to basic human rights.

Mein Kampf

"My Struggle." A manifesto reflecting Hitler's obsessions-nationalism, racism, and antisemitism (prejudice against the Jews)

The Holocaust

The mass slaughter of European civilians and especially Jews by the Nazis during World War II.

Kristallnacht

"Night of the broken glass," Jewish owned businesses, buildings, schools and synagogues were destroyed.

The Cold War

A period of tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union that lasted from the late 1940s to the early 1990s.

Proxy War

A war fought between groups or smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers and may have help and support from larger powers.

Containment

The United States created this policy to limit communism to areas already under Soviet control.

Glasnost (Openness)

Meaning "transparency" or "openness," was a policy that reduced government censorship and allowed more public criticism.

Human Rights

The rights that all people should have.