Chapter 28 - Invertebrates (Ecdysozoans)

which invertebrates fall under ecdysozoans?

nematoda, tardigrada, and arthropods

those under ecdysozoans will do what?

ecdysis, to mold/shed

phylum nematoda aka

round worms

which phylum would this organism fall under?

phylum nematoda

what are some characteristics for those under the phylum nematoda? color? body is shaped like and the ends are? do they contain segements?

colorless, cylindrical body, has tapered ends, no segmentation

since those under the phylum are triploblastic, which kind are they?

pseudocoelomate

is cephalization present in the phylum nematoda?

head is not distinct

those in the phylum nematoda have a _______, flexible ______ which is their _____ coat and it will shed as it grows aka ______

tough, cuticle, outer coat, ecdysis

their flexible cuticle (outer coat) will do what for them?

protect and support, and is used as attachment of muscles

does the phylum nematoda have a gastrovascular cavity or an alimentary canal?

well-developed alimentary canal

do those under the phylum nematoda have gonads?

yes, gonads are present

does the phylum nematoda have a circulatory system?

no circulatory sysetm

in the phylum nematoda, what helps distribute their nutrients?

their pseudocoelom

how do those in the phylum nematoda move?

they have distinctive thrashing movement

the phylum nematoda is the MOST _________ of all animals?

WIDESPREAD

can nematoda be parasties?

yes, they can be parasites in both animals and plants

what are some examples of animal parasites in the phylum nematoda?

trichina worm, round worm, heard worms

trichina worm causes what and its apart of which phylum?

it causes trichinosis and it comes from eating undercooked pork, and phylum nematoda

phylum tardigrada aka

water bears

are those under the phylum tardigrada segmented?

yes, with chitinous cuticle

how may pairs of legs do those in the phylum tardigrada have?

4 pair of stubby, unjointed legs

those that are in the phylum tardigrada can survive in what kind of conditions?

extreme conditions in a dehydrated dormant state

what is cryptobiosis in terms of tardigrada?

they can come back to life by adding water to them

what phylum do these belong in?

phylum tardigrada

the phylum arthropoda has the biggest ______ of any animal alive

DIVERSITY

how many clades fall under the phylum arthropoda? name all of them

4 clades: chelicerates, myriapoda, crustacean, and hexapods

what are some characteristics of those in the phylum arthropoda? do they have segments? hard or soft exoskeleton? jointed what?

segmented body in 2-3 parts, hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages

does the phylum arthropoda show cephalization?

yes

those under phylum arthropoda have an exoskeleton made of?

chitin and proteins

their cuticle made of chitin and proteins is used for?

support, protection, and attachment of muscles

in marine species for the phylum arthropoda, how is it hardened?

with calcium carbonate

in land species for the phylum arthropoda, how is it waterproofed?

with waxes to prevent from dehydrating

what is the downside of their exoskeleton?

it limits how much they can grow, body size

in order for those in the phylum arthropoda to grow they must?

molt/shed

for the phylum arthropoda they all have a ______ circulatory system

OPEN

in the phylum arthropoda they have hemolymph, what is that?

hemolymph is a fluid that is pumped in the vessels and bathes tissue, in other words the arthropod version of blood

does gas exchange vary depending on the species?

yes

how goes gas (o2/co2) exchange look like for aquatic species?

they have feathery gills

how goes gas (o2/co2) exchange look like for spiders?

they have book lungs

how goes gas (o2/co2) exchange look like for insects?

they have a tracheal system

for the chelicerate clade they have what to feed with?

chelicerae which are claw-like appendages and in spiders they have poisonous fangs

for the chelicerate clade their body plan consits of?

cephalothorax and abdomen

how many antennae do those in the chelicerate clade have?

none

for the chelicerate clade, they started off as ?

marine

today what are the only aquatic cherlicerates?

horseshoe crabs and sea spiders

most chelicerae are what? think land predators or parasites

arachnids

arachnids have how many pairs of pedipalps? and how many walking legs.

1 pair of pedipalps and 4 pairs of walking legs so 8 total

what is a pedipalp used for?

for feeding

give examples of predatory arachnids

scorpions and spiders

give examples of parasitic arachnids

ticks and mites

do those in the myriapod clade have segments?

yes they have many identical segments

what do those in the myriapod clade use to feed?

chewing mandibles

how many antennae do myriapods have?

1 pair

are myriapods aquatic or terrestrial?

all terrestrial

give examples of those in the myriapod clade

centipedes and millipedes

are millipedes the nice or bad ones? how many pair legs per segment?

NICE, they are detritivores/herbivores, 2 pair

are centipedes the nice or bad ones? how many pair legs per segment?

BAD, they are predators, 1 pair with poison claws and brightly colored sometimes

what phylum and clade does this fall under?

phylum Arthropoda and clade myriapoda

for the crustacean clade they are mostly ??? (marine, land, etc)

mostly marine, but also freshwater and some land

how many pairs of antennae do crustaceans have?

2 pair

give examples of crustaceans

crabs, crayfish, lobsters, krill

crustaceans can also be?

filter feeding barnacles

crustaceans also include? (think rolls)

rollie polies

the hexapods clade includes?

insects

the hexapod clade is the first time we say animals do what??

fly

where did the hexapods wings come from/derived from?

cuticle extensions

what does the hexapod anatomy look like?

body (3 parts, sing song), thorax had 3 pairs legs, and head with 1 antennae

what do those in the hexapod clade use for feeding?

mandibles

the mandibles that are used for eating are often modified making them?

homologous

what do those in the hexapod clade use to excrete metabolic waste?

Malpighian tubules

those in the hexapod clade have a unique what? think gas exchange

unique tracheal system

those in the hexapod clade do what for reporduction?

metamorphosis