Anatomy - Spine

Atlanto-Occipital Joint Type

synovial condyloid joint

Atlanto-Occipital Joint Surfaces

occipital condyles and superior articular facets of C1

Atlanto-Occipital Joint Movements

flexion, extension, side flexion

Medial Atlanto-Axial Joint Type

pivot joint 

Medial Atlanto-Axial Joint Surfaces

C2 dens and posterior aspect of anterior arch C1, transverse ligament

Lateral Atlanto-Axial Joint Type

plane joint

Lateral Atlanto-Axial Joint Surfaces

inferior articular surface of C1 and superior articular surface of C2

Atlanto-Axial Movements

rotation, flexion, extension, side flexion

Facet Joint Type

synovial plane joint

Facet Joint Surfaces 

inferior articular facet and superior articular facet

Facet Joint Movements

flexion, extension, side flexion, rotation

Intervertebral Joint Type

symphysis joint

Intervertebral Joint Surfaces

between vertebral bodies

Sternocleidomastoid Origin

manubrium, medial 1/3 of clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid Insertion

mastoid process and superior nuchal line

Sternocleidomastoid Nerve 

accessory 

Sternocleidomastoid Movements

ipsilateral side flexion, contralateral rotation, neck flexion, head extension

Scalenes Origin

transverse processes of C2-7

Scalenes Insertion

ribs 1-2

Scalenes Nerve

anterior rami of C3-8

Scalenes Action

neck flexion, ipsilateral side flexion

Erector Spinae Muscles

spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

Erector Spinae Nerve 

posterior rami of spinal nerves 

Erector Spinae Action

spine extension, ipsilateral side flexion

Trapezius Action

neck extension, ipsilateral side flexion, contralateral rotation

Levator Scapula Action

neck extension, ipsilateral side flexion