World War 1

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

(crown prince) heir to Austrian throne from 1896: assassinated on June 28, 1914 during good-will mission in Sarajevo, Bosnia (Aus-Hung) by Serbians, sparking WWI: caused Germany and other Austro Allies to declare war on Serbia and its allies

Trench Warfare

Fighting with trenches, mines, and barbed wire. Horrible living conditions, great slaughter, no gains, stalemate, used in WWI.

Propaganda

Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Militarism

A political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggresively to defend or promote national interests

Nationalism

Pride for your country

Imperialism

A stronger nation taking over a weaker nation

trench warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

no man's land

A strip of land between the trenches of opposing armies along the Western Front during WW1

total war

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

propaganda

Ideas spread to influence public opinion

armistice

A temporary peace agreement to end fighting.

Schlieffen Plan

A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts

Eastern Front

In WWI, the region along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks.

Western Front

in WWI, the region of northern France where the forces of the Allies and the Central Powers battled each other

unrestricted submarine warfare

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

reparations

As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. Opposed by the U.S., it quickly lead to a severe depression in Germany.

Powder Keg of Europe

nicknamed this for the festering quarrels over the Balkans that eventually pushed Europe into war.

Franz Ferdinand

Gavrilo Princip

The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand

Triple Entente

A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.

Triple Alliance

A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the years preceding World War I

Allies of World War I

Composed of France, Britain, and Russia, and later Japan and Italy, the Allies fought the Central Powers in World War I. The United States joined the Allies in 1917.

Central Powers

A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

alliance system

The alliance system in Europe was a major cause of World War 1.

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Zimmerman Telegram

A coded message sent by Germany to try to get Mexico to attack the US

Lusitania

British passenger boat sunk by a German submarine that claimed 1,000 lives. One of main reasons US decided to join the war.

stalemate

A deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other.

Versailles Peace Treaty

The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

U-boat

German submarine - u boat is short of the German word, Unterseeboot (Under Sea Boat)

The Marne

A World War I battle fought from 5-12 September 1914. It resulted in an Allied victory against the German Army.

Stalemate

A situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible

No Man's Land

is land that is unoccupied or is under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied due to fear or uncertainty. The term was originally used to define a contested territory or a dumping ground for refuse between fiefdoms

Belguim

Germany invaded France through this country, which effectively brought Great Britain into the war.

Self-determination

the right of people to choose their own form of government

War Guilt Clause

A provision in the Treaty of Versailles by which Germany acknowledged that it alone was responsible for WWI

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Emperor of Germany during World War I

Yugoslavia

This country was created after WWI, uniting ethnicities that spoke similar Slavic languages.

Czechoslovakia

created by the Treaty of Versailles from German and Austria territories

Alsace-Lorraine

provinces on the border of Germany and France, lost by France to Germany in 1871; regained by France after WWI

Dulce et Decorum Est Pro Patria Mori

Poem against the War's militarism, nationalism, and destructive nature

Verdun and Somme

the two most deadly wars in WWI fought with battle of attrition

War of Attrition

a war based on wearing down the other side with constant attacks and heavy losses

"Poor Little Belgium"

An expression about Germany's treatment of Belgium and the propaganda that resulted

shell shock

psychological disturbance caused by prolonged exposure to active warfare, especially being under bombardment.

Black Hand

Serbian nationalist/terrorist group responsible for the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand which resulted in the start of World War I.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918)

After Lenin in Russia got a hold of the government; he wanted to end the war between Germany. A third of old Russia's population was sliced away by the German meat ax in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. It was the sacrifice of all of Russia's western territories.