AP European History: The Renaissance and Reformation

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the Renaissance and Reformation, providing definitions to help students study effectively for their exam.

The Renaissance

A cultural 'rebirth' that began in Italy in the 14th century and led to a revival of art, literature, and learning.

Humanism

An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements, drawing inspiration from classical texts.

City-states

Independent cities that became the center of political, economic, and cultural life during the Renaissance.

Patrons

Wealthy individuals or families who supported artists and intellectuals, helping to fund the arts and education.

Leonardo da Vinci

A polymath of the Renaissance known for masterpieces like the 'Mona Lisa' and for advancements in various fields.

Martin Luther

A German monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation with his '95 Theses' criticizing the Catholic Church's practices.

Calvinism

A branch of Protestantism founded by John Calvin that emphasizes predestination and a strict moral code.

Counter Reformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, aiming to reform itself and regain followers.

Columbian Exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.

Council of Trent

An ecumenical council that addressed issues of church reform during the Counter Reformation.

The printing press

An invention attributed to Johannes Gutenberg that revolutionized the spread of information in the 15th century.

The Medici

A powerful banking family that became patrons of the arts in Florence, influencing the art and culture of the Renaissance.

Black Death

A devastating plague that swept through Europe in the 14th century, leading to significant social and economic change.

Anabaptists

Radical reformers who believed in adult baptism and separation from state affairs during the Protestant Reformation.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the importance of trade and commerce in building a nation's wealth.

Huguenots

French Protestants who faced persecution from Catholics during the French Wars of Religion.

Index of Prohibited Books

A list maintained by the Catholic Church of texts deemed heretical or contrary to morality that were banned from publication.