INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

Esophageal Stricture

Causes

• Strong acids or alkalines or from any factor that inflames the mucosa and creates scarring

• Household cleansers and detergents containing sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide

esophageal strictures

Imaging Considerations

• Endoscopy

Treatment

• Corticosteroid therapy

• Esophageal strictures require repeated dilation with special mercury-filled tubes of varying diameters

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Condition

• Regurgitation, or gastroesophageal reflux, is common in the first 3 months of life and resolves in time

• Results from an incompetent cardiac sphincter

• Reflux esophagitis is the primary cause of esophageal inflammation

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Signs and Symptoms

• Heartburn, or symptomatic reflux

• Backwash of food or sour liquid

• Dysphagia

peptic ulcer

Condition

sore on the lining of your stomach, small intestine, or esophagus.

Gastric Ulcer

pain, usually above the epigastrium and radiating to all parts of the abdomen

Duodenal Ulcer

more consistent, and pain generally begins midmorning

Esophageal Ulcer

dysphagia and heartburn

Peptic Ulcer

Causes

• Nonsteroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

• Bacterium H. pylori

Peptic Ulcer

Complications

• Hemorrhage

• Bowel obstruction

Erosive Gastritis

location

• stomach lining

Causes:

• ingestion of aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol, and steroids; physical stress or trauma; and viral or fungal infections.

Antral gastritis

location

• antrum of the stomach

causes:

• is caused by alcohol, smoking, and H. pylori infection

Gastroenteritis

Location:

• stomach and small intestine

Causes:

• Ingestion of foods contaminated with Salmonella and other types of bacteria—most commonly, poultry, meat, dairy products, and eggs

Crohn Disease

Regional enteritis also known as the

Regional enteritis

Condition

• usually begins in the terminal ileum and cecum and descends through the bowel, often with skip areas.

• It rarely produces megacolon or bowel perforations.

Regional enteritis

Results in

• Crypt cell inflammation and abscesses, leading to the development of small ulcers.

Regional enteritis

Diagnosis

• Classified as early stage, intermediate stage, or advanced stage by performing a small bowel series, enteroclysis, or a double-contrast barium enema.

• The initial diagnosis of CD is based on a combination of clinical, laboratory, histologic, and imaging findings

• Endoscopy Barium enema © CT Imaging

• Contrast-enhanced MRI and MRE techniques

• Transabdominal sonography

• Tc-99m WBC Scans

Regional enteritis

Cobblestone appearance

Appendicitis

Condition

• inflammation of the vermiform appendix resulting from an obstruction caused usually by a fecalith or rarely by a neoplasm

Appendicitis

Signs and Symptoms

• initial pain in the epigastrium that moves to the RLQ and becomes persistent.

• nausea and vomiting

• low-grade fever

• sudden onset of constipation

• elevated WBC count

Ulcerative Colitis

Lead Pipe Sign

Ulcerative Colitis

Condition

• an imflammatory lesion of the colonic mucosa. Its cause is unknown, but it is thought to be an autoimmune disease

• More common in whites, it affects 15- to 25-year-olds