Baroque Art Exam 3 Terms

Calvinism

major branch of Protestantism, rooted in the 16th-century theology of John Calvin, that emphasizes God's sovereignty, the authority of the Bible, and the doctrine of predestination

Impasto

a painting technique where paint is applied thickly so that brushstrokes or palette knife marks are visible, creating a physical texture on the surface

Halation (“circles of confusion”)

Halation is a visual effect specific to film photography where bright areas of an image appear to be surrounded by a soft, glowing halo, often reddish-orange in color; a "circle of confusion" is an optical spot that represents the out-of-focus image of a single point source of light.

Camera obscura

a darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is important historically in the development of photography.

Monochromatic/Tonalist Still Life

only one single hue (color) and its variations in tints (adding white), shades (adding black), and tones to create the entire image. A tonalist still life (a less common genre, as Tonalism was primarily a landscape movement) uses a limited, muted palette of related colors (like browns, grays, and deep greens) to evoke a particular mood or atmosphere, emphasizing value and soft transitions over vibrant color or fine detail. 

Pronk Still Life

an ornate, ostentatious style of 17th-century Dutch and Flemish still-life painting that showcases wealth and luxury

Peter Lastman

Dutch painter. Lastman is considered important because of his work as a painter of history pieces and because his pupils included Rembrandt and Jan Lievens. In his paintings Lastman paid careful attention to the faces, hands and feet.

Constantijn Huygens

Dutch Golden Age poet and composer. He was also secretary to two Princes of Orange: Frederick Henry and William II

Frederick Hendrick, Prince of Orange (Dutch Stadholder)

led the Dutch Republic in a successful military and diplomatic campaign against Spain between 1625 and 1647. The youngest son of William the Silent, he was a skilled military commander, notably capturing the fortified city of 's-Hertogenbosch in 1629, and he also negotiated a favorable treaty with Spain that concluded the Eighty Years' War

Hendrickje Stoffels

longtime partner of Rembrandt. The couple were unable to marry because of the financial settlement linked to the will of Rembrandt's deceased wife Saskia, but they remained together until Hendrickje's death.

Pieter van Ruijven

a wealthy Delft resident known as a patron of the artist Johannes Vermeer. Recent research indicates that while Van Ruijven was a major collector, his wife, Maria de Knuijt, was likely the primary patron who purchased many of Vermeer's works

Jacob Cats, Houwelick (Marriage), 1625

popular Dutch Golden Age poem by Jacob Cats that functioned as a guide to married life, published in 1625. It divides the stages of a woman's life into sections and is known for its moral lessons and symbolic and seasonal analogies about different stages of a woman’s life

Roemer Visscher, Sinnepoppen, 1614

a collection of short moral pieces, again showing the writer's preference for essentially Dutch themes and objects.