MCAT Behavior Terms/Definitions

Franz Gall

(person) linked to phrenology, early theory of behavior linked to anatomy

Pierre Flourens

(person) linked function to major sections of the brain by ablation

William James

(person) functionalism - how mental processes help individuals adapt to environments

John Dewey

(person) functionalism - person as a whole

Paul Broca

(person) specific functional impairments linked to specifically located brain lesions

Hermann von Helmholtz

(person) speed of a nerve impulse, behavior and nervous system activity, quantifiable science

Sir Charles Sherrington

(person) existance of synapses

sensory (afferent) neurons

transmit sensory information from receptors to the spinal cord and brain

motor (efferent) neurons

transmit motor information from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

interneurons

most numerous of the 3 types of neurons, reflexive behavior

reflex arcs

neural circuits that control reflexive behavior

31; 12

how many pairs of nerves in the PNS come from the spinal cord? the brain?

somatic and autonomic

what are the two systems of the PNS?

somatic nervous system

sensory and motor neurons in the skin, joints, muscles - sensory neurons and motor impulses

autonomic nervous system

neurons that regulate heartbeat, resporation, glandular secretions, body temperature

sympathetic and parasympathetic

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

parasympathetic nervous system

what part of the ANS is responsible for conserving energy using acetylcholine?

pupil constriction, saliva flow, bronchi constriction, slowed heartrate, inhibited glucose release, stimulated bile release, inhibited adrenaline production, stimulated peristalsis and secretion, bladder contraction, genital erection

what are some processes controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system (10)

sympathetic nervous system

what part of the ANS is activated by stress

pupil dilation, inhibited salivation, relaxed bronchi, accelerated heartbeat, sweating/piloerection, stimulated glucose production and release, inhibited peristalsis and secretion, adrenaline and noradrenaline secretion, inhibited bladder contraction, orgasm stimulation

what are some processes controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (10)