HOA 1 (AUSAT)

Paleolithic

Old Stone Age. First Age of Man, the hunter-gatherer period

Mesolithic

Middle Stone Age

Neolithic

Plant Growing and Animal Tending Age, New Stone Age.

Protection from weather, Comfort for a place to stay, Storage of food, Perpetuation of Human life.

Origin of Prehistoric Architecture

Rock Caves, Dwelling Houses, Religious Monuments, Tombs.

Types of structure during pre historic period.

Rock Caves

Dwelling dug open open rock caves usually decorated with petroglyphs or rock arts.

Barks or Tree Leaves, Weeds, Animal Skin

Typical building material of early prehistoric shelters.

Piling Method

Method employed by prehistoric people to build over bodies of water.

Tipi

CONICAL TENT with poles as framework and animal hides as covering by the north american indians.

Goahti

is a Sami hut or tent of three types of covering: fabric, peat moss or timber.

Gamme

Earth Huts for the Sami people

Igloo

Inuit hunting huts made from ICE BLOCKS.

Yurt

Portable, round tent covered with skins or felt and used as a dwelling by nomads in the steppes of Central Asia.

Bedouin Tent

Arab Nomad tents with long braces for the strong winds.

Monolith

Single upright STONE MARKERS

Dolmen

Large stone slab supported by two or more upright stone slabs

Cromlech

CIRCULAR ARRANGEMENT of STONES sometimes supporting a horizontal slab called stone henge.

Tumulus

BURIAL MOUND OF EARTH or STONE protecting a tomb chamber

Cairn

Pile of rocks that MARK a particular spot

Pre Classic, Classic, Post Classic

3 Periods of the Mayan Civilization

Crushed limestone as Mortart

Basic Construction method of the Mayans.

Cuzco

CAPITAL of the INCA empire

Cellular Style

Small blocks arranged in a CELL LIKE formation

Encased Style

UNALIGNED STONE BLOCKS fitted together like jigsaw puzzle.

Sedimentary Style

Blocks arranged HORIZONTALLY

Cyclopean Style

LARGE STONE BLOCKS STYLE.

Egypt Period yay

Early Dynastic Period

Period where two regions were divided, the upper and lower egypt

King Menes

United the two divided regions of egypt and named MEMPHIS the new capital.

Step Pyramid

Started by King Djozer during the period of Old Kingdom

First Intermediate Period

Dark Ages of Egypt, Pharaos became weak and provincial rulers became powerful.

Middle Kingdom

FEUDAL PERIOD of the Egyptian history united by MENTUHOTEP. Pyramid Construction died, Funerary rites were also given to individuals.

Second Intermediate Period

Another period of disarray for egyptians due to the Hyksos gaining power, horse drawn chariot was a contribution.

Double Crown

Pschent, Symbol of unity of the upper and lower regions of Egypt

Lower Egypt

Red Crown

Upper Egypt

White Crown

New Kingdom

A time of conquest and territorial expansion, considered as the GOLDEN PERIOD of EGYPT, the capital was THEBES.

Third intermediate and Late Period

Another period of divided power where it all fell to the Persians

Mud Bricks, Flat roof, Few Windows

Typical house of Egyptians

Crook

Symbol of KINGSHIP or GOVERNMENT

Flail

FERTILITY of the land.

Nemes Crown

A Striped headcloth used by Pharaos with a Falcon and Cobra Headband.

Fluted Column, Palmiform Column, Tent Pole Column, Papryform Column, Lotiform Column, Hathoric Column

Different orders of Egyptian Columns.

Mastaba

Type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with inward sloping sides, constructed out of mud-bricks

Step Pyramid of Djozer

An architectural structure that uses flat platforms, or steps, receding from the ground up, to achieve a completed shape similar to a geometric pyramid by IMHOTEP

Bent Pyramid of Snefru, Dashur

Pyramid bent at angles 43 deg for the upper pyramid and 55 deg for the lower pyramid

Tura

White Limestone

Red Pyramid of Snefru at Dashur

LARGEST of the three major pyramids located at the Dahshur necropolis. Named for the rusty reddish hue at a 55 degree pitch

Pyramids at Giza

First TRUE GEOMETRIC PYRAMID at 52 degree.

Cheops (Khufu) Pyramid

Largest and Oldest of the Pyramids

Chefren (Khafre) Pyramid

Second to the largest pyramids, Built diagonally along Cheops

Mykerinus (Menkaure)

Smallest and the third Pyramid built diagonally along Cheops

Sarcophagus

Coffin for the King

Niche

Coffin for the queen.

Hillside Tombs

Usually has a collonaded Portico, an offering chapel, and a tomb statue.

Shaft Tomb

Tomb located underground

Obelisk

tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape or pyramidion at the top.

Sphinx

mythical creature with, at a minimum, the head of a human and the body of a lion.

Mesopotamia

Fertile plains between twin rivers TIGRIS and EUPHRATES, known as the FERTILE CRESCENT and CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION, also known now as IRAQ

Babylonia, Assyria, Persia, Sumer, Akkad, Northeastern Syria, Southeastern Turkey, Southwestern Iran.

Parts of Mesopotamia

Babylon

CAPITAL of ancient BABYLONIA

King Nebuchadnezzar II

During his reign, BABYLON was the LARGEST CITY in the world.

Hammurabi's Code

First written code of laws by King Hammurabi

Cuneiform

Earliest known form of WRITTEN EXPRESSION in clay tablets

Cyrus The Great

Father of Iranian Nation, established the PERSIAN EMPIRE as the most POWERFUL STATE IN THE WORLD.

Darius I

SON OF CYRUS, developed infrastractures, the largest being PERSEPOLIS

Xerxes I

SON OF DARIUS, known for his MASSIVE INVASION of GREECE

White Temple Ziggurat

Temple perched atop a platform, having a monumental height to stand out among structures and to get the temple CLOSER TO THE SKY. Has a shrine dedicated to ANU.

Palace of Sargon

Square planned with a DEFENSIVE PARAMETER and covered nearly one square mile.

Parts of the Palace of Sargon

Seraglio - Palace proper with KINGS RESIDENCE

Harem - Private FAMILY APARTMENTS

Khan - SERVICE CHAMBER

Ancient City of Ninevh

Once made CAPITAL of the assyrian empire by SENNACHERIB

5 Major structures in the city of babylon

1. Nebuchadnezzar's Great Palace - LARGEST CITY IN THE WORLD

2. Ishtar Gate - Eight gate to the INNER CITY OF BABYLON

3. Hanging Gardens of Babylon - Constructed to PLEASE the homesick wife AMYTIS OF MEDIA

4. Temple of Marduk - An impression of POWER radiated by this MASSIVE ARCHITECTURE.

5. Tower of Babel - The tower to REACH HEAVEN.

Palace of Persepolis

To SHOWCASE for the empire, DESIGNED TO AWE VISITORS.

Gate of All Nations

Carved on entrances to inform everyone Xerxes ordered to built this.

Aegean Period

Island of Crete

Where the first great SEA POWER of the Mediterranean rose

Minoan

The FIRST CULTURE from Aegean Civilization which FLOURISHED IN CRETE by KING MINOS of KNOSSOS,

Mycenaean

Culture from Aegean Civilization which was from one of the great centers known as Mycenae.

Marble

Most common and flourished material during the Aegean Civilization

Nature Worship

The religion of Aegeans, the supreme deity being Rhea, the fertility goddess, also included sacred games and ritual dances.

Olympian Gods and Goddesses

The deities of the Greeks, each were a personification of a particular element.

Aphrodite

Goddess of LOVE, ROMANCE AND BEAUTY. Wife of Hephaestus.

Eros

Son of APHRODITE, God of LOVE.

Apollo

God of the SUN, LIGHT, MEDICINE, MUSIC.

Ares

God of WAR.

Artemis

Independent Goddess of the HUNT and CHILDBIRTH and the MOON. Sister to APOLLO.

Athena

Daughter of Zeus, Goddess of WISDOM, WAR and CRAFTS.

Demeter

Goddess of AGRICULTURE and mother of PERSEPHONE

Hephaestus

God of FIRE and FORGE. UGLIEST GOD.

Hera

Wife of Zeus, PROTECTOR OF MARRIAGE.

Hermes

MESSENGER OF THE GODS. God of BUSINESS.

Hestia

Goddess of home and Hearth.

Poseidon

God of SEA, HORSES, EARTHQUAKES.

Zeus

Supreme LORD OF GODS. GOD OF THE SKY. Youngest of the Olympian SIBLINGS.

Hades

God of the UNDERWORLD. Oldest of the Olympian Siblings.

Helladic Greece

DEFENSE ARCHITECTURE was necessary for protection

CITADEL PALACES were built

Hellenic Greece

CITY STATE emerged as the BASIS OF GREEK SOCIETY.

Great figures in science and philosophy emerged.

GREEK THEATRES were given religious attributes.

Hellenistic Greece

Philipp of Macedonia UNIFIED GREECE and his son ALEXANDER THE GREAT went on a national crusade against PERSIA.

Death of Alexander at 32 led to the DIVISION of the empire.

Greece became a ROMAN PROVINCE.

Megaron

Characteristic DOMESTIC unit.

Parts of a Megaron

1. Anteroom

2. Living Apartment

3. Thalamus