Production Planning and Management Vocabulary

A collection of key vocabulary terms and definitions translated into English based on the lecture notes on production planning, capacity management, process design, forecasting, and MRP.

Sistem za planiranje i upravljanje proizvodnjom (Production Planning and Control System)

An integrated system designed to plan, schedule, oversee, and optimize manufacturing operations and resource allocation.

Konkurentnost (Competitiveness)

The capability of an organization to offer goods or services that satisfy customer needs more effectively than rival market participants.

Produktivnost (Productivity)

A metric expressing output relative to input, indicating how efficiently production resources are converted into finished goods or services.

Efikasnost i efektivnost (Efficiency and Effectiveness)

Efficiency measures the minimization of resource waste during task execution, whereas effectiveness measures the degree to which intended goals and outcomes are accomplished.

Ekonomija obima (Economies of Scale)

The cost advantage achieved when high production volume lowers the average fixed cost per unit produced.

Dikonomija obima (Diseconomies of Scale)

A condition in which expanding production beyond optimal levels results in increased average per-unit costs due to managerial or operational inefficiencies.

Ekonomija obuhvata (Economies of Scope)

The economic efficiency achieved by manufacturing a variety of distinct products using shared operational resources or processes.

Agilna proizvodnja (Agile Manufacturing)

A flexible manufacturing strategy focused on rapidly adapting operations to unexpected shifts in market demand and customer specifications.

Matrica proizvod-proces (Product-Process Matrix)

A diagnostic framework mapping product characteristics (volume and customization) against process layouts to ensure operational alignment.

Vrijeme protoka (Flow Time)

The total elapsed duration a unit requires to complete a process from initial entry to final exit.

Efikasnost dodane vrijednosti protoka (Value-Added Flow Efficiency)

The ratio of total value-adding processing time relative to the overall flow time of a unit in a system.

Vrijeme ciklusa (Cycle Time)

The average time interval elapsed between successive completed units exiting a production process.

Brzina protoka (Flow Rate)

The number of flow units passing through a process per unit of time, representing process throughput.

Little-ov zakon (Little's Law)

A operational relation establishing that average work-in-process inventory equals flow rate multiplied by flow time: $\text{Inventory} = \text{Flow Rate} \times \text{Flow Time}$.

Uravnoteženje procesa (Process Balancing)

The operational procedure of reassigning tasks across work centers to equalize workload durations and eliminate operational delays.

Tačka prilagođavanja (Customization Point)

The specific stage in the production workflow where standardized components or processes are tailored to specific customer orders.

Teorija ograničenja (Theory of Constraints)

A management methodology prioritizing the continuous identification and exploitation of the primary system bottleneck to enhance overall output.

Menadžment uskog grla (Bottleneck Management)

The focused administration and optimization of the operational resource with the lowest effective throughput capacity.

Menadžment kapaciteta (Capacity Management)

The strategic and operational planning required to reconcile production capabilities with fluctuating market demand patterns.

Plan jednakog kapaciteta (Level Capacity Strategy)

A capacity planning approach maintaining a steady output rate while using finished goods inventory or backorders to buffer demand changes.

Planiranje materijalnih potreba (MRP - Material Requirements Planning)

A system for translating master production schedules into detailed component purchasing and manufacturing timelines.

Sastavnica materijala (BOM - Bill of Materials)

A complete structured list detailing all raw materials, assemblies, and sub-components needed to fabricate a single finished unit.

Evidencija zaliha (Inventory Records)

Operational files tracking real-time stock balances, open orders, lead times, and safety stock settings for all inventory items.

Glavni plan proizvodnje (MPS - Master Production Schedule)

A detailed production schedule specifying exact quantities of specific final products to be produced during specific time frames.

Glavni planer (Master Scheduler)

The professional tasked with developing, refining, and balancing the Master Production Schedule against resource and demand constraints.

Grubo planiranje kapaciteta (RCCP - Rough-Cut Capacity Planning)

A preliminary capacity evaluation method verifying whether key critical work centers can support a proposed Master Production Schedule.

Vremenske ograde (Time Fences)

Rules established in a master schedule defining varying policy restrictions for approving order modifications across time horizons.

Eksponencijalno izravnavanje (Exponential Smoothing)

A quantitative forecasting model that computes forecasts using weighted averages of previous actual values, giving higher weight to recent data.

Naivni pristup (Naive Approach)

A baseline forecasting technique assuming that the forecast for the next period matches the actual observed value of the immediate past period.

Pokretni prosjeci (Moving Averages)

A time-series forecasting technique averaging actual demand across a fixed number of recent historical periods to smooth noise.

Proces agregatnog planiranja (Aggregate Planning Process)

Medium-range operational planning aimed at determining overall production, inventory, and staffing levels across product families.