introduction to human anatomy

Simple squamous

Details: One thin Layer of flat cells 

Locations: Lungs, blood vessels, Heart

Allows rapid diffusion and filtration and reduces friction.

Simple cuboidal

Details: One layer of cube shaped cells. Helps with secretions, absorptions, filtration

Locations: kidney tubes, thyroid gland, ovary surface 

Simple columnar

Details: One tall layer, narrow, of column shaped cells. Helps absorb and secret substances. 

Locations: Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine 

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Details: Looks like multiple layers, but all cells touch the basement membrane. Has cilia on top that move mucus and trapped particles. 

Locations: trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity

Stratified squamous

Details: many layers of flat cells. Protecting against rubbing, damage, and germs  

Locations: Skin, mouth, esophagus 

Transitional epithelium

Details: Multiple layers of cells that can stretch and change shape. Protects organs that expand and shrink 

Locations: Urinary bladder, ureters, urethra 

Areolar connective tissue

Details: loose connective tissue with fibers and lots of open space. Supports, cushions, and connects tissues. 

Locations: under the skin, around blood vessels, around organs

Reticular

Details: A network of thin fibers that supports and holds cells in place

Locations: Lymph nodes, Spleen, bone marrow

Dense regular

Details: Parallel collagen fibers packed tightly together. Provides strong attachment. 

Locations: tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

Dense irregular

Details: Densely packed collagen fibers running in many directions, providing strength against pulling from different angles. 

Locations: Dermis of the skin, Organ capsules, Joint capsules

Adipose

Details: Common name as body fat, stores energy, insulates the body, and cushions the body.

Locations: Under the skin, around the kidneys, around the heart.

Hyaline

Details: Smooth, glassy cartilage that supports, cushions, and reduces friction 

Locations: End of bones at joints, respiratory passages, nose, connects ribs to sternum

Elastic

Details: Flexible cartilage with lots of elastic fibers, allowing it to bend and return to shape.

Locations: External ear, epiglottis, auditory tube, larynx

Fibrocartilage

Details: very strong cartilage with thick collagen fibers. Resist pressure and absorb shock. Protects are bones from wear

Locations: intervertebral discs, knee menisci, pubic symphysis

Compact bone

Details: Hard, dense tissue that supports and protects the body

Locations: femur, humerus, tibia, basically all bones… 

Blood

Details: liquid tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste removal throughout the body

Locations: Arteries, veins, capillaries

Skeletal muscle

Details:  muscle tissue that connects to the bones and allows for movement in the body

Locations: Biceps, Quadriceps, Hamstrings

Cardiac Muscle

Details: Muscle tissue that contracts automatically to pump blood through the body

Locations: heart, atria walls, ventricle walls

Smooth muscle

Details: Involuntary, non-striated muscle tissue that moves substances through internal organs. 

Locations: Digestive track, stomach, blood vessels 

Nervous tissue

Details: Made of neurons and supporting cells that send and receive electrical signals throughout the body. 

Locations: Brain Spinal cord Peripheral nerves