SOCI 362 (Huang) - Criminology - Exam 1 (pt.3)

T/F: according to Freud, the operation/function of ego is based on the principle of moral judgment

false: superego

T/F: in criminology and delinquency study, Sigmund Freud contends that human conscience comes from the mental element of id

false: super ego

T/F: in terms of function, both MMPI and DSM-5 are measuring devices. they allow criminologists to evaluate the chromosomal configuration of (chronic) criminals/delinquents

false: personality/behavioral traits

T/F: according to Hans Eysenck's cluster theory, someone may commit suicide if this person scored high on the psychoticism scale

true

T/F: from the perspective of constitutional theory, people with t-personality are sensation seekers (t: thrill)

false: T-personality

T/F: modern biological theorists of crime/deviance suggest that when someone's genetic makeup (or automatic nervous system) is defective (i.e., they are less sensitive to external stimuli), then this person may want to commit crime to satisfy his/her sensational needs

true

T/F: in criminology and delinquency study, the underlying assumption of biological and psychological theories of crime/deviance is that abnormal biological and psychological makeups will make some people more susceptible to crime/deviance

true

T/F: after analyzing the family history of the Juke clan, Richard Dugdale points out that crime/deviance is strongly related to the process of self control

false: inheritance

T/F: modern criminal psychologists generally agree that criminals/deviants (especially sociopaths and chronic offenders) have several personality traits in common. one of such personality features is lacking the ability to feel sorry

true

T/F: in criminology and delinquency study, the concept sublimation means that antisocial desires and drives generated by id are diverted to socially acceptable actions

true

T/F: relatively speaking, people with low IQ are more likely to face bio-psychological problems, like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, than people with average IQ

true

T/F: according to the FBI's psychological profiling, one of the core personality characteristics of disorganized criminal/delinquents is that they are socially mature

false: socially immature

T/F: if we follow William Sheldon's somatotypes to analyze crime/delinquency, then we generally can predict that people with endomorphic body shape are more likely to perpetrate violent crime

false: property crime

T/F: in criminology and delinquency study, both early biological and psychological theories of crime/deviance are strongly supported by empirical evidence

false: weakly

T/F: Totally, Lombroso identifies 27 physical characteristics which, he argues, are directly related to crime/deviance.

false: 37

T/F: In criminology and delinquency study, Freud argues that people with underdeveloped superego will actively seek punishment.

false: overdeveloped

T/F: In criminology and delinquency study, Lombroso uses the two concepts of criminal man and born criminal to explain the relationship between physical features and crime/delinquency.

true

T/F: Just like early psychological explanations of crime/delinquency, modern psychological theories of crime/deviance should be totally disregarded because they are abstract and speculative in nature. Few concepts/variables, if any, can be supported by empirical evidence.

false: unlike, should not, many of them

T/F: In criminology and delinquency study, Adolphe Quetelet argues that both average men and born criminals will exhibit invariable propensity in their behaviors.

true

T/F: According to criminal biologists, the genetic/chromosome makeup of the so-called super males is XXY.

false: XYY

T/F: According to sociobiology, some females get involved in crime/deviance (especially property offenses) because their behaviors are still directed by the instinct of gathering

true

T/F: According to sociobiology, some males got involved in crimes (especially violent crimes) because their behaviors, to an extent, are still directed by the instinct of hunting.

true

T/F: Compared to monozygotic/identical twins, dizygotic/fraternal twins usually will show higher degree of behavioral homogeneity (including antisocial behaviors)

false: lower

T/F: Adoption studies show that although the behavioral patterns of adoptive parents and children are not biologically linked, adoptive parents' delinquent behaviors, through the process of socialization, may still influence their adoptive children

true

T/F: According to DSM-V, one of the behavioral traits of oppositional defiant disorder (or antisocial personality disorder) is that a child will argue frequently with his/her parents/legal guardians for at least 6 months

true

T/F: According to biological and psychological explanations of crime/deviance, the most effective way to stop crime is having criminal offenders treated

true

T/F: In criminology and delinquency study, Adolphe Quetelet is a positivist

true

T/F: In terms of coverage, biological or psychological theory of crime/deviance is more convincing than theories based on the philosophy of right/left realism

false: less convincing

T/F: In criminology and delinquency study, Sigmund Freud is the founder of modeling/imitation theory

false: G Tarde

T/F: In terms of definition, negative punishment means that something undesirable is removed from a situation

false: desirable

T/F: According to cognitive theory, over-stimulation (OS) can turn non-deviants into chronic offenders because people can continually obtain satisfactions from OS

true

T/F: According to cognitive theory, under-stimulation (US) cannot turn non-deviants into chronic offenders because people cannot continually obtain satisfactions from US (which normally are routine activities)

true

T/F: According to Eysenck's cluster theory, people with the following personality structure are called stable extroverts:

Low Extrovert + High Neuroticism + Low Psychoticism

false: neurotic introverts

T/F: According to Eysenck's cluster theory, people with the following personality structure are called sociopaths:

High Extrovert + Low Neuroticism + Low Psychoticism

false: stable extroverts

T/F: According to Eysenck's cluster theory, people with the following personality structure are called stable introverts:

Low Extrovert + Low Neuroticism + High Psychoticism

false: psychotic introverts

T/F: According to Carl Jung, gays' criminal/delinquent behaviors should come from the biological/negative side of animus

false: anima

People with low intelligence appear to commit more crimes than those with high intelligence. Such a difference might be due to the variation of ________ rates.

a. incarceration

b. population

c. arrest

d. growth

e. prevalent

c. arrest

Some early psychologists believe that psychopaths have unique personality traits. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

a. higher threshold to punishment

b. extreme selfishness

c. higher threshold to use violence

d. good intelligence

e. shallow emotion

c. higher threshold to use violence

According to Freud's psychoanalytic perspective, people may get involved in crime or deviance if id or superego dominates their behaviors. One method that can help people restore mental balance is projection, which means ________.

a. seeing someone's own desires/urges in young people

b. seeing someone's own desires/urges in old people

c. seeing someone's own desires/urges in juvenile delinquents

d. seeing someone's own desires/urges in others

e. seeing other people's desires/urges as my own

d. seeing someone's own desires/urges in others

According to biological perspective of crime/deviance, which of the following is NOT a main cause of delinquent/deviant acts?

a. high level of testosterone

b. hormonal imbalance

c. malnutrition

d. chromosomal abnormality

e. brain dysfunction

c. malnutrition

When explaining crime/deviance, adoption studies focus on the behavioral connections between ________ and ________.

a. biological grandfather, biological grandson

b. adoptive father, adopted son

c. biological father, adopted son

d. adoptive father, biological son

e. biological father, biological son

e. biological father, biological son

According to abnormal and personality psychologists, criminals/deviants usually will exhibit certain behavioral patterns. Which of the following is NOT one of such patterns?

a. strong tendency to blame others

b. low tolerance to frustration

c. disregard for social norms

d. hysteria

e. persistent attitude of irresponsibility

d. hysteria

Who is the founder of modern criminology?

a. William Sheldon

b. Richard Dugdale

c. Cesare Lombroso

d. Charles Goring

e. Adophe Quetelet

c. Cesare Lombroso

In Hans Eysenck's cluster theory, which personality trait is similar to Freud's concept of superego?

a. introversion

b. extroversion

c. psychoticism

d. neuroticism

e. b and c

a. introversion

In Hans Eysenck's cluster theory, which personality trait may lead to delinquent acts?

a. extroversion

b. psychoticism

c. neuroticism

d. introversion

e. a, b, and c

e. a, b, and c

Which statement about organized criminals/delinquents in the following is NOT correct?

a. they will depersonalize victim

b. they are smart, if not genius

c. they usually live with partner

d. they prefer skilled job

e. they can control their mood while perpetrating a crime

a. they will depersonalize victim

According to Freudian theory, females are inherently ________.

a. jealous

b. passive

c. inferior

d. a, b, and c

e. none of the above

d. a, b, and c

Claiming certain area as a turf is a common behavior among juvenile delinquents. This behavior, according to sociobiology, is related to the instinct of ________.

a. survival

b. safeguard/defense

c. possession

d. search

e. congregation

b. safeguard/defense

In criminology, the theory of atavism is suggested by ________.

a. Adophe Quetelet

b. Richard Dugdale

c. Sigmund Freud

d. William Sheldon

e. Cesare Lombroso

e. Cesare Lombroso

In criminology, concepts like criminal phrenology usually will be supported by ________.

a. Adophe Quetelet

b. Richard Dugdale

c. Sigmund Freud

d. William Sheldon

e. Cesare Lombroso

e. Cesare Lombroso

The founder of German eugenics is ________.

a. Orson Lorenzo

b. Cesare Lombroso

c. Samuel Morton

d. Charles Goring

e. Alfred Ploetz

e. Alfred Ploetz

According to the ideas advocated by eugenic movement, pregnant women should not ________.

a. get involved in promiscuous sex

b. read pornography

c. use drug

d. talk dirty

e. all of the above

e. all of the above

In theory, violent behaviors are more likely to be perpetrated by people with _____ level of testosterone and ______ level of serotonin.

a. high, high

b. low, high

c. high, low

d. low, low

e. all of the above

c. high, low

According to the law of insertion of imitation theory, "old-fashioned" antisocial behaviors will be replaced by new patterns of delinquent acts if the latter _______.

a. are perceived to be more risky

b. are perceived to be less profitable

c. are perceived to be more effective

d. are perceived to be more costly

e. all of the above

c. are perceived to be more effective