Abeka Science 8 test 10 study guide

Saturn

Which planet contains the moon Phoebe?

Neptune

Which planet contains the moon Triton

Jupiter

which planet contains the moon Io.

Phobos and Deimos.

The 2 moons of Mars

Orbits in the opposite direction.

Unique feature of Phoebe.

has the oldest temperature in the solar system

Unique feature of triton.

Phobos

Which moon of mars is closer to it

gravitational pull around the sun.

what makes planets orbit the sun and not the earth?

New moon

solar eclipse occurs at what face of the moon.

celestial view

represents the view from earth.

asteroid

made of metal and rock

comet

made of rock and frozen materials and forms a tail behind.

asterism

Small group of stars used to form a picture or representing object.

Jupiter

largest planet

constellations

any of the 88 stones into which astronomers divide the celestial spheres

black hole

Astronomical object so massive and dance that not even light can escape gravity

zodiac

imaginary "bank" in the sky in which the sun, moon, and planets travel

Ursa Major

Label the constellation

astronomical unit

What unit of measurement is approximately equal to the distance between the sun and the earth

Taurus

Label the constellation

ellipses

The orbits of the planets are symmetrical ovals called_____

comets

Frozen chunks of ice and dust that orbit the sun.

supernova

What is the explosion of a star called?

spicules

What are the flamelike columns of gas that continually erupt from the lowest layer of the sun's atmosphere?

photosphere

What is the visible portion of the sun?

full moon

during what phase of the moon is the entire sunlit side visible

barred spiral

What galaxy shape is the Milky Way?

brightness

A Hertzprung-Russell diagram is a two-dimensional graph that compares stars by their temperature and __

Cassiopeia

Label the constellation

Altair

The Summer Triangle is formed of the stars Deneb, Vega, and____

Phobos

Mars's two moons are Deimos and ___________

Kuiper belt

What group of small, icy objects orbit the sun outside the orbit of the outermost planet?

Cygnus

Label the constellation

retrograde

describes Venus's backward rotation on its axis

satellite

an object that orbits another object

celestial sphere

imaginary sphere with Earth at the center and the heavenly bodies on its inner surface

Ganymede

What is the largest moon in the solar system

Jupiter, Mars

the two planets between which the asteroid belt is located

circumpolar

describes a star that is always above the horizon to an observer at a particular location

Lunar Month

name for the period of time that the moon takes to orbit the earth

Orion (constellation)

Betelgeuse (star)

Andromeda galaxy

What is the largest galaxy in the Local Group

black hole

What is an object so massive and dense that not even light can escape its gravity?

Isaac Newton

Who developed the law of universal gravitation

granules

What are the convection cells that cover the sun's visible surface?

pulsar

What is a rapidly rotating star that emits directional beams of radio waves?

Neptune

the outermost planet in our solar system

third (3rd) law of planetary motion

Which scientific law states the relationship between a planet's period and average distance from the sun?

parallax

What is the apparent change in the position of an object caused by an actual change in the position of the observer?

Orion

Label the constellation

Ursa Minor (constellation)

Polaris (star)

main sequence

Which category of stars includes the sun

Jupiter

With which planet do the Trojan asteroids share an orbit?

geocentric view

the idea that the earth is at the center of the universe and that the sun, planets, and stars all revolve around the earth

solar eclipse

The phenomenon in which the moon passes between the sun and the earth

absolute magnitude

The observed brightness that a star would have to an observer located 10 parsecs away

Saturn

known for its ring system

1. A binary star is a system in which two stars are bound together by gravity; these two stars circle each other in the same way a moon revolves around the earth.

2. Open clusters are loose, asymmetrical clumps containing tens to hundreds (and occasionally thousands) of stars

3. Globular clusters are tightly clumped spherical groups of thousands or millions of stars that travel outside the boundaries of the Milky Way in unusual orbits around the galaxy's center.

Compare and contrast binary stars, open clusters, and globular clusters. (1-2 sentences for each term

coma

What is the cloud of gas and dust that surrounds the center of a comet

Mercury

the fastest-moving planet

Venus

sometimes called the "morning star" and "evening star"

maria

What Latin word is used to refer to the lunar "seas"?

Taurus (constellation)

Aldebaran(star)

Perihelion

A planet's closest approach to the sun

Leo (constellation)

Regulus (star)

Uranus

gas giant that seems to lie on its side

nebula

A large cloud of gas and dust in space

asterism

a small group of stars that is used to form a picture or represent an object

Lyra (constellation)

Vega (star)

Mars

notable feature is Olympus Mons

Canis Major (constellation)

Sirius (star)

Virgo (constellation)

Spica (star)

astronomy

The study of God's creation beyond the atmosphere

Jupiter

the largest planet in our solar system

Gemini (constellation)

Castor(star)

meteor

a small rock from space that is burning up as it passes through Earth's atmosphere

Mercury

Fastest planet in its orbit around the Sun.

Pulsar

Rapidly rotating neutron star emitting beams of radiation.

Solar System

Smallest type of structure formed by a group of galaxies

Ancient Astronomers knew how many planets?

5

Phoebe

Saturn's outermost major moon

Deneb, Bega, and Altair

Stars that are part of the Summer Triangle

One is smoother

What is the difference between Mars' two moons?

Sunspots

What evidence indicates that the sun is spinning?

Celestial Equator

Imaginary circle that is Halfway between the celestial poles, directly above the earth's equator

Sun's transition region

Studied via space-based UV observations only.

Red dwarf

Cool, small, and long-lived star type.

Ceres

First classified asteroid in the asteroid belt.

Io

Most volcanically active place in the solar system; one of Jupiter's moons

Open cluster

Group of loose, asymmetrical clumps of thousands of stars in space.

1. Every planet orbits the sun in an ellipse2. Describes planet speed and how it works.3. The farthest a planet's average distance from the sun, the longer it's period

Kepler's laws of planetary motion

Light year

Astrological Distance light travels in one year.

Meteoroid stream

Trail of debris left by a comet.

Black Hole

Object so dense that not even light escapes.

Quasar

Star-like object made by a black hole with gas

Geocentric model

Earth-centered model of the universe.

Nebulae

Spiraling Clouds of gas and dust in space.

Waxing gibbous

Moon phase with more than half illuminated; appears to bulge

Zodiac

Imaginary bands for astrological signs.

Maria

Dark, flat areas on the Moon's surface.