Chemistry - properties and uses of water

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15 Terms

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Properties of water - relatively high MP/BP

-when compared to other group 16 hydrides

-Due to h-bonds that will form

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Properties of water - freezing

-Denser when liquid than solid

-Cooling causes hexagonal structure

-This has space inside it therefore it is less dense

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Properties of water - surface tension

-Very high surface tension

-H20 does not bond with air/most solids so will exert attractive forces internally

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Water as a solvent

-A “universal solvent” in that it is often the basis for what most solutions are comprised of.

-Forms aqueous solutions (compound or molecule that exists within the water molecule)

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3 Key terms with solution

1.Solvent: a substance that acts to dissolve

2.Solute: A substance that is being dissolved

3.Solution: Forms when a substance is dissolved and particles are free to move within liquid

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characteristics of a solution

1.Solute and solvent are indistinguishable (homogenous solution)

2.Dissolved particles cannot be seen

3.Amount of dissolve solute will depend on various conditions (pressure, temp, etc)

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Dissolution

the process where a solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution

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Dissolution process

1.Solute particles separate from each other (IMF bonds break)

2.Solvent particles separate from each other (IMF bonds break)

3.Solute and solvent particles form new IMF bonds to form a solution

3a.Often, the solvent particles (especially water) will surround solute particles

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Forces involved in dissolution

-solute and solvent molecules are held together by respective IMF

-Attractive forces between solute and solvent molecules will cause a solution to form if certain rules are met

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Consider in Dissolution

-Strength of IMF between solute and solvent individually

-How solute/solvent interact (what IMF if bonded)

-Solvent-solute interaction must be stronger than IMF between solute and solvent individually

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Methods of water and covalent molecules dissolution

1.Formation of h-bonds with water molecules

2.Ionisation of molecule in the presence of water

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Water and covalent molecules - H-bond formation

-Polar molecules that from h-bonds will be able to dissolve in water

-H-bonds between molecule and water will break the IMF holding water molecules together.

<p>-Polar molecules that from h-bonds will be able to dissolve in water</p><p>-H-bonds between molecule and water will break the IMF holding water molecules together.</p>
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Water and covalent molecules - ionisation of molecules

-Some polar molecules have such high polarity they will separate and ionise when exposed to water

-When placed in water the attractive forces of water breaks the covalent bond to form ions

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Water and ionic compounds

-As water molecules move near ionic compound, they will form ion-dipole attractions

-The ions are attracted to +/- dipoles of water and separate from the lattice

-They are surrounded by water molecules and become hydrated

-Process is called dissociation

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water and ionic compounds (short)

1.Ionic bonds within lattice break

2.H-bonds between water molecules break

3.Ion-dipole force will from between opposing charges.