Evolution and Population Adaptations

Vocabulary flashcards on evolution, genetics, microevolution, macroevolution, artificial selection, and natural selection based on lecture slides.

Evolution

A change in the genetic composition in populations.

Microevolution

Evolution that occurs when the population level evolves.

Macroevolution

Evolution that occurs when larger categories of organisms change.

Gene

A physical location in chromosomes in the DNA that code for a particular trait, e.g. body size.

Alleles

Multiple variations of traits.

Mutations

A normal number of changes in the copying of DNA.

Adaptation

A beneficial mutation that can be passed on to subsequent generations, leading to evolution.

Evolution by Artificial Selection

Evolution that occurs when humans select certain traits, with examples including food crops or domesticated animals.

Natural Selection

Evolution through natural mechanisms, often termed 'survival of the fittest,' where adaptations go on to lead to changes.

Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection

A theory based on key ideas: individuals produce an excess of offspring, not all offspring survive, different traits get passed from parent to offspring, and those that have the ability to survive and reproduce pass on their traits.