International Business: Leadership and Employee Behavior

Flashcards for key vocabulary related to leadership, employee behavior, and decision-making in international business.

Agreeableness

The ability to get along with others; ranges from good-natured, cooperative, understanding (high) to short-tempered, irritable, uncooperative (low).

Conscientiousness

The drive to impose order and precision; ranges from organized, self-disciplined, systematic (high) to disorganized, careless, irresponsible (low).

Emotional Stability

The inclination to maintain a balanced emotional state; ranges from resilient, calm, secure (high) to reactive, excitable, insecure (low).

Extroversion

One's comfort level with relationships; ranges from sociable, talkative, assertive (high) to less sociable, quiet, introverted (low).

Openness

One's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests; ranges from willing to change beliefs, ideas, and attitudes (high) to nonreceptive to new ideas and change (low).

Locus of Control

An individual's beliefs about the extent to which internal factors (e.g., ability, effort) or external factors (e.g., luck, task difficulty) determine their behavior.

Self-efficacy

A person’s belief about his or her capabilities to perform a specific task successfully.

Authoritarianism

The extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within social systems like organizations.

Self-esteem

An individual’s feelings of self-worth and the extent to which they feel valuable and accepted.

Job Satisfaction

A collection of feelings and beliefs that people have about their current jobs.

Organizational Commitment

The attachment and loyalty an individual feels toward the organization.

Perception

The process by which people select, organize, interpret, and respond to information from the world around them.

Stereotyping

Categorizing or generalizing perceptions of a group of people based on their membership in that group.

Stress

A state of tension and anxiety caused by actual or perceived demands exceeding one's ability to cope.

Needs

Things individuals require that provide impetus for action.

Values

Things people believe to be important.

Need-Based Models

Models that focus on identifying specific needs that motivate people.

Process-Based Models

Models that focus on the conscious thought processes people use to guide motivation.

Reinforcement Model

A model focusing on how the consequences of past actions influence future behavior through positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, or punishment.

Leadership

Non-coercive influence to shape goals, motivate behavior, and determine culture.

Normative Model

Individuals should recognize a problem exists, identify solutions, evaluate alternatives, select the best alternative, implement the chosen alternative and follow up and evaluate the selected course of action.

Descriptive Model

Individuals use incomplete and imperfect information, are constrained by information, and tend to adapt to the first minimally acceptable alternative.

Bounded Rationality

The idea that our rationality is limited by the information we have, the cognitive limitations of our minds, and the finite amount of time we have to make a decision.

Satisficing

Means to adopt the first minimally acceptable alternative.