AMSCO - 5.4 Reading Notes - AP History

What replaced Great Britain's Cottage industry?

The industrialization of cotton manufacture in factories.

What three things did nations that were able to industrialize have in common?

- Capital

- Natural resources

- Water transportation.

Why was the industrial revolution delayed in France?

The French Revolution and subsequent wars involving France and its neighbors consumed both the attention and the capital of France's cities.

Why was Germany slow to industrialize?

Germany was politically fragmented into numerous small states.

Define human capital.

The skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by an individual or population, viewed in terms of their value or cost to an organization or country.

Who provided this human capital for the United States?

Immigrants from Europe/East Asia, and migrants from rural areas in the US.

What did Russia focus primarily on?

Railroads/exports

What did the trans-Siberian railroad connect?

Moscow and the Pacific Ocean

What was the impact of the trans-Siberian railway?

It allowed Russia to trade easily with countries in East Asia, such as China and Japan.

What other Russian industries grew at this time?

Coal, iron, and steel industries.

Define Defensive Modernization and summarize how Japan used it in the 19th century.

Consciously adapted technology and institutions developed in Europe and the US in order protect its traditional culture. By learning from the West, Japan built up its military and economic strength so it could maintain its own domestic traditions.

How did shipbuilding in India and Southeast Asia decline?

Indian shipbuilding ultimately suffered as a result of British officials' mismanagement of resources and ineffective leadership during the period of British colonization in the late 17th and 18th centuries.

How did iron works in India decline?

British colonial rule in Indian affected the country's mineral production.

How did company rule in India decline?

Steep British tariffs led to the decline of India's ability to mine and work metals.

What was the impact of the Arms Act of 1878?

It restricted not only access to minerals, but also to the subsequent production of firearms. British colonizers limited India's ability to mine and work metals.

Lack of innovation led to...

A relatively crude, labor-intensive method of mining, which created the false impression that India's mineral resources were inaccessible.

Textile Production in India and Egypt

As the textile industry flourished in India, it undermined the British textile mills in Lancaster, so the British government placed an "equalizing" tax on all textiles that were imported from India. The huge growth in European textile production also caused Egypt to lose its export market and its domestic market of textiles.