motivational interviewing

4 principles

Express empathy

Develop discrepancy

Roll with resistance

Support self-efficacy

Fundamental approaches

Collaboration (vs confrontation)

Evocation of goals and values toward change (vs education)

Autonomy (vs authority)

Express empathy

Relate to client without judgement criticism or blame

Express that change is difficult and that ambivalence to change is a normal part of the process

Reflective listening

Respect and acceptance

Develop discrepancy

Bring attention to the discrepancy between the present behavior and the person‘s goals/values

Achieved by having the client convey their own perspective on the behavior

Used to identify the pros and cons of both changing and not changing current behavior

Roll with resistance

Avoid argument and do not oppose the clients resistance

When the client expresses reluctance to change acknowledge ambivalence

Point out that the OT will not force the client to do anything. It is up to the client to decide what will be accepted/rejected in regard to change

Bring the problem back to the client in the form of a question (for example “how would you describe the problem and how could you make things different?”)

Support self efficacy

Self efficacy is necessary for a client to believe they can make a change

OT should express belief that the client has the potential to be successful

Explain to the client that they must make the change the OT cannot make the change for the client, but is there to support and help