AP Gov: Required SCOTUS Cases Cheat Sheet

Marbury v. Madison Principle

Article III, Judicial review

Marbury v. Madison

The Supreme Court is allowed to nullify an act of the legislative or executive branch that violates the Constitution.

McCulloch v. Maryland Principle

Necessary and proper clause/Supremacy clause

McCulloch v. Maryland

Established supremacy of the U.S. Constitution and federal laws over state laws

Schenck v. United States Principle

1st Amendment, Free speech

Schenck v. United States

Speech creating a "clear and present danger" is not protected

Brown v. Board of Education Principle

14th Amendment, Equal protection clause (1954)

Brown v. Board of Education

Ordered schools desegregated, overturned separate but equal doctrine from Plessy v. Ferguson

Baker v. Carr Principle

14th Amendment, Equal protection clause (1961)

Baker v. Carr

Established "one man, one vote" and opened doors to courts in reviewing redistricting challenges

Engle v. Vitale Principle

1st Amendment, Establishment clause

Engle v. Vitale

Schools cannot sponsor religious activities; no state sponsored prayer

Gideon v. Wainwright Principle

6th Amendment, Right to counsel

Gideon v. Wainwright

Guarantee of an attorney for the poor and indigent in state cases

Tinker v. Des Moines Principle

1st Amendment, Freedom of speech (Symbolic speech)

Tinker v. Des Moines

Public school students have the right to wear black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War because it does not cause a disruption

New York Times v. United States Principle

1st Amendment, Freedom of press

New York Times v. United States

Establishes a "heavy presumption against prior restraint" even in cases involving national security

Wisconsin v. Yoder Principle

1st Amendment, Free exercise clause

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Cannot compel Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade

Roe v. Wade Principle

14th Amendment, Due Process Clause

Roe v. Wade

Affirmed right to privacy, protects the right of a woman to have an abortion

Shaw v. Reno Principle

14th Amendment, Equal protection clause (1993)

Shaw v. Reno

Legislative redistricting must be conscious of race, but can't be overly racial in nature

United States v. Lopez Principle

Article I, Commerce Clause

United States v. Lopez

Congress may not use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime; takes away power from the federal government

McDonald v. Chicago Principle

14th Amendment, Due process clause, privileges and immunities clause, 2nd Amendment

McDonald v. Chicago

Right to keep and bear arms for self-defense applies to the states

Citizens United v. FEC Principle

1st Amendment, Free speech (2010)

Citizens United v. FEC

Political spending by corporation, associations, and labour unions is protected and cannot be limited by law; "corporations are people too"