QUESTIONS ms. a

A nurse assesses a patient’s skin and notes structures responsible for oil production and hair support are located in which layer?

Dermis

Which statement best explains the function of the subcutaneous layer?

Houses fat and neurovascular structures

A patient asks where sweat glands are located. The nurse correctly responds:

Dermis

Dysfunction of sebaceous glands would most directly affect which body process?

Skin lubrication and barrier protection

A lesion is described as slow-growing, pearly, and localized. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Basal cell carcinoma

Which skin cancer demonstrates the highest metastatic potential?

Melanoma

A patient with a history of tanning bed use is at highest risk for which condition?

Melanoma

A mole changes from uniform color to multiple shades and begins bleeding. This finding is most concerning for:

Melanoma

A nurse documents asymmetry, irregular borders, and color variation in a mole. Which tool is being applied?

ABCDE assessment

Which finding represents “E” in the ABCDE rule?

Change in appearance over time

A patient asks how many organ systems exist in the human body. The nurse responds:

11

Which organ is correctly paired with its system?

Pancreas – endocrine system

Which structure is part of both endocrine and digestive regulation?

Pancreas

A solution with pH 2 would be classified as:

Acidic

A substance that increases hydrogen ion concentration is a:

Acid

Which household substance would most likely have a basic pH?

Soap

A particle that carries a positive charge is known as a:

Proton

A sodium atom loses an electron. It becomes a:

Cation

Attraction between opposite charges is due to interaction between:

Protons and electrons

Which statement best describes water in biological systems?

Compound essential for life processes

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is called:

Osmosis

Molecules moving from high to low concentration without energy is:

Diffusion

Which statement best describes organic compounds?

Contain carbon and hydrogen

DNA replication occurs during:

Interphase

Chromosomes align at the equator during:

Metaphase

Sister chromatids separate during:

Anaphase

Nuclear membranes reform during:

Telophase

Increase in number of cells is known as:

Hyperplasia

Increase in cell size is known as:

Hypertrophy

Which tissue type is responsible for rapid communication in the body?

Nervous

The most widely distributed tissue type is:

Connective

Which tissue covers body surfaces and lines organs?

Epithelial

The membrane lining body cavities without external exposure is:

Serous

The membrane found in joints is:

Synovial

The skin is classified as a:

Cutaneous membrane

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms:

Share electrons

Metallic bonding is best described as:

Sea of mobile electrons

Adipose tissue primarily functions to:

Store fat and provide insulation

A lesion is irregular, multicolored, and evolving. Priority concern is:

Melanoma

A slow-growing lesion on sun-exposed skin is most likely:

Basal cell carcinoma

A patient has a mutation affecting sebaceous glands. Expected finding is:

Dry, irritated skin

Which organ system includes the thyroid gland?

Endocrine

A nurse explains that acids release which ion?

H⁺

Water’s chemical formula is:

H₂O

Movement of oxygen across cell membranes without energy is:

Diffusion

Which organ system is responsible for body movement?

Muscular

Which tissue type has the greatest regenerative capacity?

Epithelial

Which change is most concerning in a mole?

Sudden bleeding and border change

Which pairing is correct?

Neutron – neutral

A patient with UV exposure history should be monitored for:

Skin cancer